Fluoroquinolones Flashcards
What is fluoroquinolone use associated with?
CDAD infection
What are the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones in gram-negative bacteria?
Targets DNA gyrase in gram-negative bacteria and inhibiting DNA replication
What are the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones in gram-positive bacteria?
Targets topoisomerase IV in gram-positive bacteria, inhibiting DNA replication
What are the 3 fluoroquinolones?
- Ciprofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
- Moxifloxacin
What foods or products should be avoided with fluoroquinolones?
Calcium, antacids & divalent/trivalent cations should be avoided
What are the routes of administration of the fluoroquinolones?
Oral/IV/ophthalmic
How is ciprofloxacin eliminated?
Primarily renal clearance
How is moxifloxacin eliminated?
Metabolized in liver
What is the spectrum of coverage of ciprofloxacin?
Mainly gram-negative organisms (P. aeruginosa, S. typhi) & enterobacteriacae (E. coli, S. entriditis, C. jejuni)
What is the spectrum of coverage of the respiratory quinolones?
Better coverage against gram-positive organisms, especially S. pneumoniae, and increased coverage against atypicals
What are the 2 respiratory quinolones?
Levofloxacin & moxifloxacin
What are the respiratory quinolones indicated in?
Respiratory infections & Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What are the adverse effects when taking fluoroquinolones?
TAG PP QT
- Tendinitis or tendon rupture
- Arthoplasty
- GI related
- Phototoxicity
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Prolong QT interval
What group of individuals are fluoroquinolones contraindicated in?
- Children < 18yo due to risk of joint problems
- Pregnant/breast feeding women
- G6PD
- Myasthenia gravis - may exacerbate muscle weakness
