Foal Angular Limb Deformities Flashcards
What is a lateral deviation in the frontal plane of the limb called?
Valgus
What is a medial deviation in teh frontal plane of the limb called?
Varus
what side should you apply pressure when correcting a Valgus deformity?
valgus deformity –>lateral deviation, therefor apply pressure on the medial side
What are some causes of Valgus deformity?
1) periarticular laxity
2) incomplete ossification of the carpal bones
3) hypothyroidism
4) limb confirmation
- over loading
- phyeal trauma or infection
5) multifactorial
T/F Valgus deformity is also known to occur in twins?
True
How would you diagnose Valgus deformity in a horse?
1) Observation
2) limb manipulation
3) Radiographs (long, narrow cassettes
If you can manually correct Valgus deformity in a young horse what does this suggest?
joint laxity, correctable
What type of radiographic view would you want to Diagnose a angular limb deformity?
long, narrow cassettes in :
DORSOPALMER view
What regions can be affected with angular limb deformity?
1) carpus/ tarsus
2) metacarpal/ metatarso pharyngeal joints
What locations (pivot point) can limb defomities occur in?
1) the growth plate
2) joint space
How do we obtain the pivot point?
After radiographs….
1) cellulose acetate overlay
2) bisect long bone axis
3) deviation at each joint space
What is the pivot point?
the point where the two long bone axis intersect
How do you calculated the deviation?
Pivot point + angle = deviation
How do you treat angular limb deformities
1) Conservative
2) surgical (more severe forms)
What are some conservative treatment for limb deformities?
1) stall rest
2) hoof trimming
3) external support (splint / cast)
What are some surgical treamtents for limb deformities?
1) hemicircumferential periostal transection and elevation (HCPTE)
- periosteal stripping
2) Growth retardation (temporary transphyseal bridging TTP)
- sqrews, wires
- staples
3) corrective osteotomy (-ectomy)
What type of Shoes can be used to correct angular limb deformities?
- for valgus
- for varus
Treatment + Dalmer shoes
for Valgus–> use toed out
for Varus–> use toed in
What are the 2 techniques that need to be acomplished during surgical treatment?
1) growth acceleration
2) growth retardation
What is a growth acceleration technique?
1) HCPTE (periosteal stripping)
can be done in the field quickly (xylazine and ketamine)
What is a growth retardation technique?
*want to stop the growth plate from growing
1) using surgical screws and wire
- one hole distal to the growth plate
- one hole proximal to the growth plate
- circlage wire in figure 8 configuration
on the oposit side the growth continues to happen resulting in straighteing out
make sure to radiograph 2 weeks later?
Following a growth retardation techinique how long after should you radiograph again?
2 weeks
When do you use corrective osteoectomy?
When there is no more growth plate to retard or accelerate growth for correction
- procedure is used to cut the bone and straighten things out
What are some forms of corrective osteoectomy
1) closing wedge-requires plates and screws
2) step ostectomy-take out wedge and put it in other leg
3) dome saw
T/F: with Valgus deformities there is a certain degree of outward rotation of the feet
TRUE
And we see inward rotation with various
