Focused

Question 1

Environmental benefits of Banbury flood scheme

Answer 1

. 100000 tonnes of earth uses to build embankments
. New biodiversity action plan habitat
. Part of the floodplain allowed to be deliberately flooded

Question 2

Economic benefits of Banbury flood scheme

Answer 2

. 18.5 million
. Donors included Environment Agency and Cherwell District Council
. Benefits estimated to be over 100 million

Question 3

Social benefits of the Banbury flood scheme

Answer 3

. A361 route into Banbury will be opened during flooding avoiding disrupting people’s lives
. Quality of life improved with footpaths and green areas
. Reduced levels of anxiety and depression

Question 4

Primary effects of Typhoon Haiyan

Answer 4

. 6300 people killed
. 600,000 people displaced
. 40,000 homes damaged or flattened

Question 5

Secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan

Answer 5

. 14 million people affected
. 6 million people lost their source of income
. Power supplies in areas cut off for a month
. Looting and violence broke out in Tacloban

Question 6

Effects of the Chile earthquake

Answer 6

800,000 people affected.​

220,000 homes, 4500 schools destroyed.​

Port of Talcahuanao and Santiago airport badly damaged.​

Question 7

Management / responses to the Chile earthquakes

Answer 7

International help was sent quickly.​

Temporary repairs were made to important highways within 24 hours​

Power and water restored to 90% of homes within 10 days​

Question 8

Effects of the Nepal Earthquake

Answer 8

8 million people affected​
3 Million left homeless.​
9000 people died

Question 9

Management / response to Nepal Earthquake

Answer 9

Many countries responded with appeals or rescue teams.​

Heavily relied on international aid. ​

98% of rubble remained after 6 months.

Question 10

Additional flood defense measures of the Banbury defense system

Answer 10

. Raising the A361 road in the flood storage area
. New earth embankments and floodwalls
. New pumping station

Question 11

Causes of the 2003 UK Heat Wave

Answer 11

The heat wave was caused by an anticyclone (areas of high pressure) that stayed in the area for most of August. This blocked any low pressure systems that normally brings cooler and rainier conditions

Question 12

Effects of the 2003 UK Heat Wave

Answer 12

People suffered from heat strokes and dehydration. ​

2000 people died from causes linked to heatwave. ​

Rail network disrupted and crop yields were low. ​

Question 13

Management of the 2003 UK Heat Wave

Answer 13

The NHS and media gave guidance to the public.​

Limitations placed on water use (hose pipe ban). ​

Question 14

Suspension

Answer 14

Sediment is carried along in the flow of water

Question 15

Saltation

Answer 15

Pebbles that bounce along the sea/ river bed

Question 16

Traction

Answer 16

Boulders that roll along a river/sea bed by the force of the flowing water`

Question 17

What is Mass movement

Answer 17

A large movement of soil and rock debris that moves down slopes in response to the pull of gravity in a vertical direction

Question 18

Mass Movement

Answer 18

1. Rain saturates the permeable rock above the impermeable rock making it heavy
2. Waves or a river will erode the base of the slope making it unstable
3. Eventually the weight of the permeable rock above the impermeable rock weakens and collapses
4. The debris at the base of the cliff is then removed and transported by waves or river

Question 19

Types of weathering

Answer 19

Carbonation
Mechanical

Question 20

Carbonation

Answer 20

Breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition

Question 21

Mechanical

Answer 21

Breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition

Question 22

Precipitation

Answer 22

Moisture falling from clouds as rain, snow or hail

Question 23

Interception

Answer 23

Vegetation prevent water reaching the ground

Question 24

Surface Runoff

Answer 24

Water flowing over surface of the land into rivers

Question 25

Infiltration

Answer 25

Water absorbed into the soil from the ground

Question 26

Transpiration

Answer 26

Water lost through leaves of plants

Question 27

Examples of Physical causes of Flooding

Answer 27

Prolong and Heavy rainfall Relief Geology

Question 28

Prolong and Heavy rainfall

Answer 28

Long periods of rain causes soil to become saturated leading runoff

Question 29

Relief

Answer 29

Steep-sided valleys channels water to flow quickly into rivers causing greater discharge

Question 30

Geology

Answer 30

Impermeable rocks causes surface runoff to increase river discharge

Question 31

Land Use

Answer 31

Tarmac and concrete are impermeable. This prevents infiltration & causes surface runoff

Question 32

Examples of Soft Engineering (rivers)

Answer 32

Afforestation Demountable Flood Barriers Managed Flooding

Question 33

Examples of Hard Engineering

Answer 33

Straightening Channel Artificial Levees Deepening or widening river

Question 34

Afforestation

Answer 34

plant trees to soak up rainwater, reduces flood risk

Question 35

Demountable flood barriers

Answer 35

put in place when warning raised

Question 36

Managed flooding

Answer 36

naturally let areas flood, protect settlements

Question 37

Straightening channel

Answer 37

increases velocity to remove flood water

Question 38

Artificial levees

Answer 38

heightens river so flood water is contained

Question 39

What is Peak Discharge

Answer 39

The discharge in a period of time

Question 40

Lag time

Answer 40

Delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge

Question 41

Rising limb

Answer 41

Increase in river discharge

Question 42

Falling limb

Answer 42

the decrease in river discharge to normal level

Question 43

Hydrograph

Answer 43

a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge

Question 44

River Discharge

Answer 44

River discharge is the volume of water that flows in a river

Question 45

Location and Background of the River Tees

Answer 45

Located in the North of England and flows 137km from the Pennines to the North Sea at Red Car. ​

Question 46

Management of the River Tees

Answer 46

Dams and reservoirs in the upper course,  controls river’s flow during high & low rainfall Better flood warning systems, more flood zoning and river dredging reduces flooding.