Food and digestion

Question 1

What are the different nutrients p?

Answer 1

a. carbohydrates
b. fibre
c. protein
d. fats
e. vitamins
f. minerals
g. water

Question 2

What do foods contain differently

Answer 2

Different foods contain different amounts of each nutrient and foods may not
contain all nutrients.

Question 3

What does a balanced diet contain?

Answer 3

A balanced diet contains the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients.

Question 4

What does carbohydrates do?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates supply us with energy.

Question 5

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Sugars and starches

Question 6

What are sugars?

Answer 6

Fast releasing energy

Question 7

What are starches?

Answer 7

Slow releasing energy

Question 8

What is fibre

Answer 8

Fibre is also a carbohydrate but is not able to be digested.

Question 9

What does fibre do?

Answer 9

Fibre helps our digestive system by adding bulk to our food and aiding its movement along our digestive tract

Question 10

What does protein do?

Answer 10

Proteins help us to grow and help us to repair body tissues

Question 11

What do fats provide us with?

Answer 11

Fats provide us with energy that can be stored

Question 12

What do fats help provide?

Answer 12

Fats help to provide insulation

Question 13

What do vitamins and minerals help?

Answer 13

Vitamins and minerals help to prevent certain diseases

Question 14

What is water needed for?

Answer 14

Water is needed for chemical reactions and helps to transport materials around our body

Question 15

When does malnutrition occur?

Answer 15

Malnutrition occurs when the diet does not supply us with the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients

Question 16

What is a deficiency disease cause by?

Answer 16

A deficiency disease is caused by a lack of a particular nutrient in the diet

Question 17

What is night blindness?

Answer 17

Know that night blindness is caused by vitamin A deficiency.

Question 18

How do you fund out what nutrients food contains?

Answer 18

Samples of food can be tested to see which of the different nutrients they contain.

Question 19

How do you test a food if it’s solid?

Answer 19

If the food is solid (e.g. an apple), it must be ground up in water and then filtered to make a solution for testing

Question 20

What is used to test for starch

Answer 20

Iodine solution

Question 21

What is the colour change if starch is present?

Answer 21

In the presence of starch iodine changes colour from reddish-brown to blue-
black

Question 22

What is used to test for reducing sugars?

Answer 22

Benedict’s solution is used to test for reducing sugars

Question 23

What must happen to the Benedictus solution for the test to work successfully

Answer 23

The Benedict’s solution and sample must be heated during the test.

Question 24

If reducing sugar is present was does Benedictus solution change from?

Answer 24

In the presence of a reducing sugar Benedict’s solution changes colour from blue to orange.

Question 25

What is used to test for protein?

Answer 25

Biuret’s solunion

Question 26

In the presence of protein what colours do biurets solution change to and from?

Answer 26

Blue to violet

Question 27

What are complex carbohydrates made up from?

Answer 27

Complex carbohydrates (such as starch) are made up of many small units called sugar molecules (glucose

Question 28

What are proteins made up by?

Answer 28

Proteins are made up of many small units called amino acids.

Question 29

What are fats made up from?

Answer 29

Fats are made up of subunits called fatty acids and glycerol

Question 30

What do humans use their teeth for?

Answer 30

Humans use their teeth to bite and chew food, mechanically breaking the large pieces down into smaller ones.

Question 31

What are canines used for?

Answer 31

Ripping and tearing

Question 32

What are incisors used for?

Answer 32

Cutting and slicing

Question 33

What are premolars and molars used for?

Answer 33

Chewing and grinding

Question 34

What is digestion?

Answer 34

Digestion is the process by which large insoluble molecules are broken down chemically into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 35

What is the digestive system made up of?

Answer 35

The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus.

Question 36

Gat does the stomach have?

Answer 36

The stomach has layers of muscle that contract and relax and cause it to churn the food. This mixes the food with many digestive juices.

Question 37

What happens to the products of digestion?

Answer 37

The products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine

Question 38

What is the small intestine?

Answer 38

The small intestine is very long and its inner wall is highly folded presenting a large surface area for absorption

Question 39

What does the small intestine have?

Answer 39

The small intestine also has many blood vessels into which the products of digestion pass so that they can be taken around the body to all cells.

Question 40

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 40

The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material.

Question 41

What is unwatered waste called?

Answer 41

Faeces