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FOSC301 > Food bioactives enzymes > Flashcards

Food bioactives enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

bioactive molecule classes

A

micro
macro

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2
Q

types of micro molecules

A

micro-minerals
secondary metabolites

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3
Q

types of micro-minerals

A

se, zn, iron, Co

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4
Q

types of secondary metabolites

A

phytochemicals

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5
Q

types of macromolecules

A

proteins
carbohydrates
lipid

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6
Q

types of protiens

A

peptidesq

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7
Q

types of carbohydrates

A

oligosacchrides

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8
Q

types of lipids

A

fatty acids

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9
Q

what bioactive compounds require enzyme action to be formed or released from parent molecule

A

peptides, oligosaccharides and fatty acids

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10
Q

examples of proteins

A

MILK caseins

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11
Q

peptides produced from milk casein

A

IPP (leu-pro-pro) and VPP val-pro-pro)

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12
Q

enzyme that hydrolysises casein into IPP and VPP

A

proteases

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13
Q

carbohydrate that gets broken down into oligosaccharide

A

lactose

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14
Q

what does lactose get broken down into

A

galactose and glucose

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15
Q

what happed with the galactose to become a bioactive oligosaccharide

A

transgalactosylation
knit a single galactose to a lactose unit to become a galacto-trisaccharide
-galactose units continue to be attached to become oligo

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16
Q

how are lipids turned into bioactive fatty acids

A

lipases break triglycerides into glycerol + free fatty acids

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17
Q

define bioactive proteins and peptides

A

specfic protein fragments that have the ability to impart a physiological measurable biological affect resulting a positive impact on the body functions and ultimately influence health

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18
Q

types of bioactive peptides

A

GI
Cardiovascular
nervous system
immune

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19
Q

describe bioactive peptides

A

BPs are inactive in parent molecule but upon release become active
-2-20 amino acids long and type and sequence determines bioactive property

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20
Q

functions of GI peptides

A

mineral chelation
satiety control
anti-microbial
opiod

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21
Q

functions of CV peptides

A

anti-hypertensive
antioxidative
antithrombotic
hypocholesterolemic

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22
Q

function of Nervous system peptides

A

opioid
antagonistic activities
agonistic

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23
Q

agnostic vs antagonistic

A

agonist will simulate intended reaction
antagonist will bind to receptor slowing reaction

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24
Q

function of immune system peptides

A

anti-microbial
immunomodulatory
cytomodulartory

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25
protein sources for bioactive peptides
chicken, maize, milk, egg, flaxseed, plant
26
enzymes used in protein hydrolysis
thermolysin papain chymotrypsin pepsin
27
what is ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme
28
food application properties of peptides
antimicrobial antioxidant emulsifer antihypertensive immunomodulatory
29
functional food and nutraceutical application property for peptides
antihypertensive immunostimulatory/immunomodulatory
30
area of application for peptides
natural preservative marketing immuno nutrition therapeutic products
31
pharmaceutical and health application property of peptides
antithrombotic antihypertensive: cancer cell toxicity anorexic anti-diabetic
32
application area of peptides in pharamaceticals
anti anxiety weight control improved glucose transport
33
example of bioactive peptides ACE
IPP and VPP antagonistic behaviour works as a ACE inhibitor to lower BP and increase blood to the heart
34
role of ACE in body
to contract coronary arteries and control blood flow to the heart
35
synthetic ACE inhibitor and side effects
captopril rashes and cough
36
casein phosphopeptide structure
serin(p)-serin-(p)-serin(p)-glu-glu
37
casein phosphopeptide bioactivity
carrier for calcium, phosphate and fluorine -promotes tooth remineralisation
38
application of casein phosphopetide
tooth mousse and chewing gums
39
feature of antimicrobial peptides
short and cationic
40
features of ACE inhibition peptides
proline at C terminal, valine and hydrophobic amino acids
41
features of immunomodulation peptides
Prescence of glycine
42
features of antioxidant peptides
small MW, prescense of histadine, cysteine, AA with aromatic residues
43
AA with aromatic residues
tryptophan tyrosine glycine proline histadine
44
how to make a bioactive peptide at home
mash green kiwi and extract juice mix juice with milk in warm place for couple hrs bitter=bioactive peptides
45
examples of secondary metabolites
caretnoids phytosterols coenzyme Q10 taurine curcumin
46
sources of carotenoids
carrots, pumpkin orange f and V
47
sources of phytosterols
nuts, vegetable oils, avo
48
sources of coenzyme10
meat (offal)
49
sources of taurine
fish and meat
50
uses of taurine
energy drinks osmolite and nervous system depressor
51
sources of curcumin
tumeric
52
uses of curcumin
food colouring
53
limitation of curcumin
colour is based on pH
54
classes of bioactive phytochemicals
phenolic compounds alkaloids organ sulphur compounds phytosterols carotenoids N-containing compounds
55
examples of phenolic compounds
polyphenols monophenols aromatic acid phenylethanoids others
56
examples of polyphenols
lignans flavonoids isoflavonoids tannins stillbenoids flavonolignans curcuminoids
57
types of tannins
pyrogallol-type tannins falvono-ellagitannins phlorotannins condensed tannins
58
describe plant phenolic compounds
very diverse, found in all plants produced from reaction between phophoenolpyruvate and erythorose-4-phosphate (shikimate pathway) produce in response to stress
59
polyphenol features required to have anti-cancer properties
aromatic ring no. and position of free hydroxyl groups unsaturated fatty acid chain
60
sources of phenolic acid
tea leaves, grapes, flax seed, tomatoes
61
sources of stilbenes
grapes, blueberries, red wine
62
sources of flavonoids
soybean, hazelnuts, celery, oregano, grapefruit, oranges
63
sources of lignans
flax seed sesame seed
64
sources of coumarins
cinnamon
65
sources of tannins
apple, grape seed and skin, raspberry
66
sources of phenylethanoids
olive leaf and oil
67
health application of polyphenols
anti-cancer anti-tumor anti-inflammatory effects protection againest CVD herbal drugs and dietary supplements
68
food application of polyphenols
natural anti-oxidant (BHT and BHA replacement) natural anti-microbial

FOSC301 (17 decks)

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