Food Chain Risk & Zoonotic Transmission in Dairy

Question 1

what organisms are zoonotic in food

Answer 1

POULTRY: campylobacter, salmonella
BEEF: E. coli, salmonella
DAIRY: listeria, campylobacter, salmonella, raw milk
PORK: salmonella, viruses
SHELLFISH: vibrio

Question 2

what are the top 3 bacterial causes of food borne outbreaks

Answer 2

1. campylobacter
2. salmonella
3. E. coli

Question 3

what food animals/foods are most commonly associated with campylobacter transmission

Answer 3

animals: swine, sheep, cattle, turkey, birds, chicken

food: water, unpasteurized milk and cheese

Question 4

what food animals are most commonly associated with FBI

Answer 4

chickens
cattle
pigs
shellfish

Question 5

what is biosecurity

Answer 5

actions/protocols to reduce contamination risk for physical disruption

Question 6

what actions are used for biosecurity

Answer 6

1. rodent control w/ traps and space around production area
2. PPE
3. set-backs - clear the brush and wildlife habitat around housing areas

Question 7

where can raw milk be sold in CA

Answer 7

retail stores

Question 8

can listeria survive in low pH and refrigeration temperatures

Answer 8

yes, survives in refrigerators and pH <4.3

does NOT grow in pH <4.3

Question 9

what document regulates milk transport

Answer 9

PMO - Pasteurized Milk Ordinance

federal law that regulates milk processing and bacterial quality for interstate shipment

Question 10

what are the bacteria from milk that can cause disease in humans and livestock

Answer 10

• campylobacter
• listeria monocytogenes

extra:
- brucella
- clostridium
- coxiella burnetii
- bacillus
- pseudomonas

Question 11

fluid milk is processed with what type of heat treatment most commonly in the US

Answer 11

pasteurization

72 degrees C for 15 seconds

Question 12

what are the temperature treatments used for milk preservation

Answer 12

thermal processing:
- pasteurization
- UHT (boxed milk)
- retort
- cooking

storage:
- commercial refrigeration (4-15 degrees C)