Food Health + Safety Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is a micro-organism?
A tiny form of life.
What does pathogenic mean?
Something capable of causing illness.
What is an enzyme?
Name given to a natural substance in living things that speeds up chemical reactions.
What three forms can micro-organisms come in?
Bacteria
Mould
Yeast
Where are micro-organisms found?
Air Animals Water Soil Dust Food People
How do micro-organisms make food unsafe?
They contaminate the food with their waste products.
What are the conditione needed for micro-organisms to grow?
A suitable temperature-37C is the optimum temperature. If it is too hot it will destroy them and too cold they become dormant.
5C-63C they multiply rapidly every 10-20 mins.
Supply of moisture- needs moisture to multiplyso foods can be preserved with salt sugar or drying it.
Supply of food
Time
Correct pH- foods can be preserved with acid.
What are high risk foods?
High in moisture and protein.
How can enzymes be slowed down?
By denaturing the enzymes or proteins.
How do enzymes effect foods?
Ripening-cause food to ripen. You can see this from change in colour texture flavour and aroma.
Enzymic browning-as soon as the cell wall of a fruit ot vegetable it will begin to change colour.
Oxidation-foods combining with oxygen.
What is the process of enzymic browning?
Once the cell wall is broken oxygen will enter.
It will mix with substances in the vacuole and discolour.
How can you prevent enzymic browning?
Denature the enzymes by cooking.
Putting it in cold water to prevent oxygen entering.
How do moulds effect foods?
Looks and tastes different.
What do moulds need to grow?
Warm temperature
Moisture
Food supply
How do moulds multiply?
Send out loads of snall airbourne spores which land on food and germinate.
When they land they plant roots called mycellium.
They then send up shoots and produce a fruiting body which is what you see as mould.
When they ripe they burst and scatter spores.
Where is campylobacter found?
Raw poultry and meat.
Milk
Untreated water.
What are symptoms of campylobacter?
Diarrhoea
Nausea
Fever
How long does it take for the symptoms to appear?
48-60 hours.
Where is ecoli found?
Beef and other meat
Raw milk
Untreated water
What are the symptoms of ecoli?
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Fever
Kidney damage or failure.
How long does ecoli take to appear?
12-24 hours
Where is salmonella found?
Raw and uncooked poultry eggs and meat.
What are symptoms of salmonella?
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Fever
How long does salmonella take to appear?
12-36 hours.
