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FOOD TECH SECTION B > Food Provenance: Food Source and Supply > Flashcards

Food Provenance: Food Source and Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What are cereals?

A

important foods around the world, staple food within countries are they are cheap to produce compared to proteins

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2
Q

what are the main types of cereals?

A

wheat, rice, maize, oats, barley, rye

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3
Q

where is wheat grown?

A

Europe, China, India, Russia, USA, Canada, Australia

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4
Q

What is wheat used for?

A

baked products, some contain more gluten for specific products
make other products
make breakfast cereals

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5
Q

Where is rice grown?

A

China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand

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6
Q

What is rice used for?

A

long grain - savoury dishes
short grain - puddings
made into flour and breakfast cereals

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7
Q

Where is maize grown?

A

USA, China, Brazil, Mexico

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8
Q

What is maize used for?

A

made into variety of products, corn oil
can be eaten as vegetable

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9
Q

Where are oats grown?

A

Russia, Canada, Finland, Poland

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10
Q

what are oats used for?

A

rolled instead of crushed when processed, sold in grades (coarse, medium, fine)
Ingredient
breakfast cereals

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11
Q

Where is barley grown?

A

Russia, France, Germany, UK

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12
Q

What is barley used for?

A

alternative to rice
used in soups and stews
animal feed

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13
Q

Where is rye grown?

A

Europe, Russia, Canada, USA

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14
Q

What is rye used for?

A

ground into flour - darkbread

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15
Q

Where is spelt grown?

A

UK, Russia, Spain - same function as wheat

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16
Q

What are sugars?

A

Natural sweetness made from plants: sugar beet and canes

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17
Q

how much sugar comes from sugarcanes worldwide?

A

80%

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18
Q

where are sugar canes grown?

A

tropical climates

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19
Q

where are sugar beets grown?

A

northern hemisphere

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20
Q

what is maple syrup?

A

plant juices of the maple tree, distinct flavour and is very sweet

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21
Q

what are the four main types of fruit?

A

citrus, soft/berry, hard and other

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22
Q

what do the cells plants are made up of contain?

A

cell wall (cellulose)
cytoplasm (jelly substance that has pigment + fat)
vacuole (largest part, contain sugar, pigments and salts)

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23
Q

examples of citrus fruit

A

lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruit

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24
Q

examples of soft/berry fruit

A

raspberries, strawberries, blueberries and blackcurrants

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25
Q

examples of hard fruit

A

apples and pears

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26
Q

how are vegetables similar to fruit?

A

structure

27
Q

what does the colour of the vegetables depend on?

A

chlorophyll - provides green colour
carotenoids - yellow and orange
anthocyanins - red and blue

28
Q

what is destroyed when fruit+veg are processed?

A

water soluble vitamins

29
Q

what are the advantages of locally produced fruit + veg?

A

fresher, fewer food miles, reduced carbon footprint, less energy in transporting, support UK farmers

30
Q

what are the disadvantages of locally produced fruit + veg?

A

not as much choice, food different sizes, expensive

31
Q

why are some vegetables grown in artificial environments?

A

conditions monitored and controlled to increase productivity

32
Q

what are hydroponics?

A

soil is replaced with a mineral solution which is pumped around the plant roots, less risk of disease

33
Q

what is a carbon footprint?

A

measure of impact of human activities on the environment in terms of greenhouse gases

34
Q

what are the four types of meat?

A

offals, poultry, game and meat

35
Q

examples of offals

A

kidney, liver, tongue

36
Q

examples of poultry

A

duck, turkey, chicken, goose

37
Q

examples of meat

A

beef, lamb, pork, bacon

38
Q

different ways of producing eggs

A

cage systems, barn eggs, free range, organic

39
Q

what does it mean when a food is produced sustainably?

A

resource will not run out

40
Q

what is the red tractor assurance logo?

A

independent mark of quality, farms meet a high standard of safety and hygiene, animal welfare and production

41
Q

what is intensive farming?

A

large amount of produce generated from a relatively small area of land

42
Q

why are people concerned about pesticides?

A

concerned about long term effect of the fertilisers and pesticides can have on us

43
Q

what does organic mean?

A

approved by organic certificates
produced by farmers who grow, handle and process crops without synthetic fertilisers
no genetically engineered ingredients
no antibiotics or growth hormones
natural fertilisers

44
Q

why would people choose organic food?

A

tastes better, concerned about use of pesticides, effect of chemicals on environment

45
Q

what are the types of fish?

A

white round, white flat, oily, shellfish molluscs, shellfish crustaceans

46
Q

what is trawling?

A

using nets pulled along the seafloor to catch fish

47
Q

what is dredging?

A

metal cages or baskets towed along seafloor to catch shellfish

48
Q

what is gill netting?

A

curtains of netting suspended in sea to catch fish

49
Q

what is harpooning?

A

long metal or wooden pole lunged into fish

50
Q

what is jiggling?

A

grappling hook to target fish

51
Q

what is long lining?

A

runs for miles, strung with baited hooks

52
Q

what is pole and line fishing?

A

fishing pole

53
Q

what is purse seining?

A

drawing a large net around a school of fish

54
Q

what are traps and pots?

A

wire and wood cages with bait that attracts fish

55
Q

what is cyanide fishing?

A

explosives to kill or stunt fish, easier to catch

56
Q

how can fishing methods be harmful to the environment?

A
  • trawler nets and dredging baskets damage seabeds
  • dredging is noisy, disturb whales and dolphins
  • can result in bycatch
  • other marine life can get trapped
57
Q

what is the marine stewardship council logo?

A

sets standards for sustainable fishing and seafood traceability

58
Q

how to reduce the environmental impact of fishing:

A
  • sink line deeper
  • release unwanted species
  • larger holes in the net
  • setting up marine reserves
59
Q

what are the types of fish farming?

A

farming, sear ranching, sea rearing

60
Q

what is fish farming?

A

the whole process takes place in captivity, breeding of the eggs through the catching of fish

61
Q

what is sea rearing?

A

young fish are caught in the wild then grown in controlled environments

62
Q

what is sea ranching?

A

young fish are bred in captivity, then released into the wild

63
Q

what are the advantages of fish farming?

A
  • wild fish stocks not reduced
  • indoor fish are protected from changes in the weather
  • fish cannot escape
  • fish are protected from predators
  • competing species cannot enter fish farm
64
Q

what are the disadvantages of fish farming?

A
  • running costs can be expensive
  • setting up costs can be expensive
  • more disease as they are close together
  • antibiotics and pesticides used to control diseases
  • drugs can pollute the surrounding water

FOOD TECH SECTION B (6 decks)

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