FOODBORNE DISEASES

Question 1

Bacteria contamination of foood

Answer 1

Salmonella
Campylobacter jéjuni
S aureus
Shigella
Streptococcus
E. coli

Question 2

Viral contamination of food

Answer 2

Hepatitis A and E
Noroviruses
Rotaviruses
Astroviruses

Question 3

Types of viral food contamination

Answer 3

Primary from fish, oysters and vegetables

Secondary from food handles eg Hep A

Question 4

Protozoae contamination

Answer 4

Microsporidiosis (Microsporidia sp.)
Balantidiasis (Balantidium coli)
Cystoisosporiasis (Cystoisospora belli)
Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium sp.)
Giardiasis (Giardia duodenalis)
Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)

Question 5

Causative agent of salmonellosis

Answer 5

Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonella typhimurium

Question 6

Sources of salmonella infection

Answer 6

main source; farm animals and poultry

other sources; infection from domestic rats/ mice

Question 7

Incubation period of salmonella

Answer 7

12-12 hours

Question 8

Symptoms of salmonellosis

Answer 8

profuse watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, fever

Question 9

mortality rate in salmonellosis

Answer 9

one percent

Question 10

when is salmonellosis fatal

Answer 10

when the bacterium travels to liver and kidney

Question 11

antibiotics used in salmonellosis

Answer 11

Quinolones and fluoroquinolones
Macrolides
3rd Generation Cephalosporins

Question 12

Are antibiotics used routinely in salmonellosis

Answer 12

They are only used in severe cases, it is usually managed with fluid intake

Question 13

Cause of staphylococcal food poisoning

Answer 13

Enterotoxins from S. aureus

Question 13

Where do the enterotoxins of S aureus act

Answer 13

Intestine and CNS

Question 14

Effect of heat on S. aureus enterotoxon

Answer 14

Thermostable

Question 15

How many enterotoxins are produced by S. aureus

Answer 15

Five

Question 16

Incubation period of S auerus enterotoxin

Answer 16

1-6 hours

Question 17

Source of S aureus enterotoxin

Answer 17

Products of infected farm animals

Question 18

Symptoms of staphylococcal food piosoning

Answer 18

Vommiting and diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
Fever is rare

Question 19

Symptoms of severe staphylococcal food poisoning

Answer 19

Blood and mucus in stool

Question 20

Management of staphylococcal food poisoning

Answer 20

Fluid replacement therapy
Drugs for nausea and vomiting

Question 21

Cause of botulism

Answer 21

Neurotoxins from C. botulism

Question 22

Location of C. botulinum

Answer 22

Soil and intestinal tract of animals

Question 23

Sources of c. botulinum spores

Answer 23

Poorly preserved foods such as cheese, smoked fish, low acid foods and canned foods

Question 24

Incubation period for botulsim

Answer 24

12-36hour

Question 25

Mechanism of action of botulism

Answer 25

Block release of Ach at the neuromuscular junction in the somatic nervous system

Question 26

effect of heat on c. botulinum spores

Answer 26

thermolabile and inactivated after heating foods over 10O degrees celsius for a few minutes

Question 27

Causes of death in botulism

Answer 27

Respiratory and Cardiac failure

Question 28

Symptoms of botulism

Answer 28

Muscle weakness Quadriplegia Dysarthria Blurred vision Ptosis Dysphagia diplopia little to no fever

Question 29

what drug is used to avert neuromuscular block in botulism

Answer 29

Guanidine HCl

Question 30

Antidote used to neutralise toxins in botulism

Answer 30

Heptavalent botulism antitoxins

Question 31

Methods to prevent botulism

Answer 31

Pressure cooking cannned foods Avoid giving infant udner 1 year honey Chamomile tea near construction sites can be a source of toxins

Question 32

Source of B. cereus spores

Answer 32

Soil and raw foods

Question 33

effect of heat on B cereus spore

Answer 33

Thermostable

Question 34

Symptoms of B cereus food poisoning

Answer 34

Enterotoxins cause vomiting or diarrhea

Question 35

cause of C perfringens food poisoning

Answer 35

Heat resistant spores

Question 36

Source of c. perfringens spores

Answer 36

Poultry and meat

Question 37

Effects of C. perfringens toxins

Answer 37

Gas gangrene(Clostridial myonecrosis) Abdominal pain Diarrhea Little to no fever Rarely causes vomiting and nausea

Question 38

effect of listeria in pregnant women and immunocompromised patients

Answer 38

Febrile illness

Question 39

Effect of listeria in neonates

Answer 39

Meningitis

Question 40

Management of listeriosis

Answer 40

IV antibiotics Ciprofloxacin Linezolid Azithromycin Vancomycin Amoxicillin