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MSK Exam 2 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What are all the tarsal bones?

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms (3)
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2
Q

What are the functions of arches of the foot?

A

Absorb shock during weight bearing

Make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

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3
Q

What bones are part of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?

A 
Calcaneus 
Talus
Navicular
Cuneiforms (all 3) 
1st-3rd Metatarsals 
1st-3rd Proximal, Medial, and Distal Phalanges
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4
Q

What bones are part of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?

A

Calcaneus
Cuboid
4th-5th Metatarsals
4th-5th Proximal, Medial, and Distal Phalanges

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5
Q

What bones are part of the Transverse Arch?

A

Cuboid
Cuneiforms (all 3)
Bases of Metatarsals

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6
Q

The fascia of the dorsum of the foot is thin and continuous with the ________ ________.

A

Extensor Retinaculum

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7
Q

What artery and nerve emerge beneath the inferior border of the Extensor Retinaculum?

A

Dorsalis Pedis A.

Deep Fibular N.

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8
Q

The fascia on the sole of the foot is called the ________ _______ and consists of a longitudinal band of dense CT.

A

Plantar Aponeurosis

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9
Q

The Plantar Aponeurosis distally divides into five bands that enclose digital tendons as well as support the…

A

Longitudinal foot arches (Medial and Lateral)

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10
Q

This is often caused by running, high-impact exercise, worn-out shoes, and being overweight. There is inflammation at the proximal attachment of the Plantar Aponeurosis, causing pain.

A

Plantar Fasciitis

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11
Q

Plantar Fasciitis pain is the worst after…

A

Sitting or getting out of bed in the morning

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12
Q

What is a complication of Plantar Fasciitis that can occur?

A

Can lead to calcaneal spur formation, especially from medial calcaneal tubercle

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13
Q

What are the dorsal foot muscles?

A

Extensor Hallucis Brevis M.

Extensor Digitorum Brevis M.

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14
Q

This dorsal muscle inserts on the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe.

A

Extensor Hallucis Brevis M.

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15
Q

This dorsal muscle inserts on long extensor tendons of the lateral four digits.

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis M.

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16
Q

What innervates the dorsal foot muscles?

A

Deep Fibular N.

  • **Sciatic N. – Tibial and Common Fibular Ns.
  • **Common Fibular N. – Superficial and Deep Fibular Ns.
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17
Q

There are 4 layers of plantar foot muscles, and they function to…

A

Help maintain foot arches

Help to stand on uneven ground

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18
Q

The 1st layer of plantar foot muscles are…

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis M.
Abductor Hallucis M.

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19
Q

The 1st layer of plantar foot muscles are three short muscles that extend from the ________ to the ________.

A

Calcaneus

Phalanges

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20
Q

The 2nd layer of plantar foot muscles are…

A

Quadratus Plantae M.

Lumbrical Ms. (4)

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21
Q

This foot muscle joins the tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Longus M. to the Calcaneus and assists it in flexing the lateral four digits.

A

Quadratus Plantae M.

***In 2nd layer

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22
Q

This foot muscle originates from the Flexor Digitorum Longus tendons and are located on the medial aspect of the extensor expansion.

A

Lumbrical Ms. (4)

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23
Q

What actions do the Lumbrical Ms. perform?

A

Flex MP joint

Extend PIP and DIP joints

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24
Q

What tendons are in the 2nd layer of the plantar foot muscles, but the muscles themselves are not considered in the layer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon

Flexor Digitorum Longus tendon

25
The 3rd layer of plantar foot muscles are three short muscles going to the first and fifth digits. They consist of...
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis M. Adductor Hallucis M. Flexor Hallucis Brevis M.
26
The Adductor Hallucis M. has two heads, which are...
Transverse head | Oblique head
27
This muscle has two heads covering the plantar surface of the 1st metatarsal, and its tendons have sesamoid bones.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis M.
28
What is the purpose of the sesamoid bones in the Flexor Hallucis Brevis M. tendon?
Protects first metatarsal head and Flexor Hallucis Longus M. tendon when standing and walking
29
The 4th layer of plantar foot muscles consists of...
3 Plantar Interossei (PAD) | 4 Dorsal Interossei (DAB)
30
What is the function of the 3 Plantar Interossei muscles?
Move digits 3, 4, and 5 toward 2nd digit (which is the midline) ***Remember, it's different in the hand. 3rd digit is the midline. Don't get them confused!
31
What is the function of the 4 Dorsal Interossei muscles?
Move digits 2, 3, and 4 away from 2nd digit (which is the midline)
32
What tendons also lie in the 4th layer of the plantar foot muscles (the muscles themselves are not within this layer)?
Fibularis Longus M. | Tibialis Posterior M.
33
_______ _______ is the term for a lateral deviation of the great toe. Tissue surrounding the deviated area swells, and swelling leads to friction, then friction causes a bursa to form. A tender and inflamed bursa is called a ________.
Hallux Valgus | Bunion
34
This is the term for an inflamed area with thickened skin over the proximal interphalangeal joints.
Corns
35
This toe deformity is caused by a flexion in the distal IP joint.
Mallet Toe
36
This toe deformity is caused by an extension at the MP joint, and flexion at the proximal IP joint.
Hammer Toe ***Usually in 2nd digit
37
This toe deformity is caused by an extension at the MP joint and flexion at BOTH the proximal and distal IP joint.
Claw Toe
38
This toe deformity is caused by extension of the MP joint and flexion of the IP joint in the big toe.
Trigger Toe
39
What does the Tibial N. branch into?
Lateral Plantar N. Medial Plantar N. Medial Sural Cutaneous N. (which gives off Sural N.)
40
What does the Common Fibular N. branch into?
Superficial Fibular N. Deep Fibular N. Lateral Sural Cutaneous N.
41
What connects the Medial and Lateral Sural Cutaneous Ns.?
Communicating Branch
42
What does the Deep Fibular N. branch into?
Lateral Branch of Deep Fibular N. | Medial Branch of Deep Fibular N.
43
What does the Lateral Branch of the Deep Fibular N. innervate?
Intrinsic dorsal foot muscles | Efferent fibers
44
What does the Medial Branch of the Deep Fibular N. innervate?
Skin between 1st and 2nd digit | Afferent fibers
45
This nerve passes deep to Abductor Hallucis and runs anterolaterally deep to Flexor Digitorum Brevis.
Lateral Plantar N. ***Terminating branch of Tibial N.
46
This nerve passes deep to Abductor Hallucis and runs anteriorly between Abductor Hallucis and Flexor Digitorum Brevis.
Medial Plantar N. ***Terminating branch of Tibial N.
47
The Lateral Plantar N. terminates by terminating into superficial and deep branches. The superficial branch forms...
Common Plantar Digital N. | Proper Plantar Digital N.
48
The Medial Plantar N. ends near the metatarsal bases by dividing into...
Common Plantar Digital N. | Proper Plantar Digital N.
49
At what point does the Tibial N. divide into the Lateral and Medial Plantar Ns.?
Posterior to the Medial Malleolus
50
What does the Medial Plantar N. innervate?
``` Abductor Hallucis M. Flexor Digitorum Brevis M. Flexor Hallucis Brevis M. Medial One Lumbrical Supplies Plantar Skin ```
51
What does the Lateral Plantar N. innervate?
``` Abductor Digiti Minimi M. Quadratus Plantae M. Adductor Hallucis M. Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis M. PADs and DABs Lateral Three Lumbricals Supplies Plantar Skin ```
52
What provides blood supply to the foot?
Anterior Tibial A. Posterior Tibial A. Fibular A.
53
This nerve supplies skin on the medial side of the foot as far anteriorly as the head of the 1st metatarsal.
Saphenous N.
54
This nerve supplies skin on the lateral aspect of the hindfoot and midfoot.
Sural N.
55
This nerve supplies the skin of the heel.
Calcaneal branches (from Tibial and Sural Ns.)
56
Infections in the foot will drain to what LNs?
Popliteal LNs
57
The Lateral Plantar A. (from Posterior Tibial A.) runs with the Lateral Plantar N. superficial to Quadratus Plantae M. This artery gives rise to what?
3rd-5th Plantar Metatarsal As. and Plantar Digital As.
58
The Lateral Plantar A. ends by joining the Deep Plantar A. (from Dorsalis Pedis A.) to form the...
Deep Plantar Arterial Arch
59
The Medial Plantar A. runs with the Medial Plantar N. and passes distally between Abductor Hallucis and FBD. This artery gives rise to what?
1st and 2nd Plantar Metatarsal As. and Plantar Digital As.

MSK Exam 2 (26 decks)

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