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Anatomy > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What does the talus articulate with?

A

tibia/fibula
calcaneus
navicular

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2
Q

what does the calcaneous articulate with?

A

talus

cuboid

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3
Q

what is the purpose of the plantar aponeurosis

A

Slips from central part of fascia go deep superiorly to form three compartments on sole of foot
Holds parts of foot together
Helps to protect plantar surface of foot from injury
Helps support longitudinal arches of foot

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4
Q

what is the purpose of the superficial fascia

A

the fibrous septa with fat over heel and metatarsal surface to provide shock absorption

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5
Q

what is the deep fascia continuous with

A

inferior extensor retinaculum and plantar fascia

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6
Q

how many bands does the fascia divide into

A

5 bands

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7
Q

the integrity and strength of the arch of the foot is due to …

A

shape of the bones (interlocking bony structure)
strength of the plantar ligaments and planter aponeurosis (bears most of load in maintaining arch)
slings formed by tendons of the long muscle of the leg
muscles of the sole of the foot

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8
Q

what makes up the hind foot

A

talus and calcaneus

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9
Q

what makes up the ankle

A

tibia, fibula, and talus

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10
Q

name the extrinsic dorsal muscles (5)

A 
Anterior tibialis
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius
Peroneus brevis
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11
Q

name the intrinsic dorsal muscles (2)

A

extensor hallucis brevis

extensor digitorum brevis

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12
Q

what nerve supplies the intrinsic dorsal muscles

A

deep fibular nerve

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13
Q

what is the function of the extensor hallucis brevis

A

helps extend proximal phalanx of the great toe

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14
Q

what is the function of the extensor digitorum brevis

A

helps extend proximal phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th toes

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15
Q

which muscles help to maintain plantar arches

A

ALL of these muscles

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16
Q

which muscles are included in the intrinsic plantar first layer

A

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi

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17
Q

which muscles are included in the extrinsic plantar second layer

A

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus

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18
Q

which muscles are included in the intrinsic plantar second layer

A

quadrates plantae

lumbricals (1-4)

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19
Q

which muscles are included in the intrinsic plantar third layer

A

flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi

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20
Q

which muscles are included in the extrinsic plantar fourth layer

A

fibularis longus

tibialis posterior

21
Q

what are the 5 bones of the mid foot

A

navicular
cuboid
3 cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)

22
Q

which muscles are included in the intrinsic plantar fourth layer

A 
plantar interossei (3)
dorsal interossei (4)
23
Q

what does the medial calcaneal nerve supply

A

branch off of tibial nerve that supplies sensation to skin on plantar aspect of heel

24
Q

what does the medial plantar nerve supply

A

sensation (3 branches) - sensation to medial 3 1/2 digits (plantar surface)

motor to ABductor hallucis, FDB, FHB< and most medial lumbricals

25
Q

what are the two branches of the lateral plantar nerve

A

superficial and deep

26
Q

what does the superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve supply

A

Sensation to lateral 1 ½ digits- plantar surface

Motor to Quadratus Plantae, Abductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi

27
Q

what does the superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve supply

A

Motor to Plantar Interossei, Dorsal Interossei, lateral three Lumbricals, Adductor Hallucis

28
Q

what is Mortons neuroma

A

sensory branches of MPN and LPN unite b/w 3d and 4th toes b/w metatarsal heads - can become inflamed/painful

29
Q

what does the deep fibular nerve supply

A

Sensation- skin between the 1st and 2nd toe

Motor to Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Brevis (in foot)
Tibialis Anterior, EHL, EDL, Peroneus Tertius (all in leg)

30
Q

what does the superficial fibular nerve supply

A

Sensation- anterior distal leg
Dorsum of foot and toes except lateral side of 5th toe (LPN superficial branch), and between 1st and 2nd toes (Deep Peroneal Nerve)

Motor to Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis (both in leg)

31
Q

what does the sural nerve supply

A

skin of lateral foot

32
Q

what does the saphenous nerve supply

A

supplies the skin of the medial side of the foot reaching distally towards the 1st MTP joint

33
Q

what does the deep fibular nerve supply

A

dorsal skin between the great and second toe

34
Q

what does the superficial fibular nerve supply

A

most of the skin on the dorsal of the foot

35
Q

what does the superficial branch of LPN supply

A

lateral plantar surface and plantar surface of lateral 1 1/2 toes

36
Q

what does the MPN supply

A

medial plantar surface and plantar surface of medial 3 1/2 toes

37
Q

what does the medial calcaneal nerve supply

A

plantar surface of the heel

38
Q

what artery runs between the EHL and EDL

A

dorsalis pedis artery

39
Q

which artery passes deep to extensor retinaculum to become the dorsalis pedis

A

anterior tibial artery

40
Q

which branch of the dorsalis pedis artery tuns laterally deep to EDB and anastomoses with arcuate artery

A

lateral tarsal artery

41
Q

which branch of the dorsal pedis artery passes through 1st interosseous space to join lateral plantar artery to form deep plantar arch

A

deep plantar artery

42
Q

which branch of the dorsalis pedis runs laterally on dorsum and gives rise to dorsal digital arteries

A

arcuate artery

43
Q

which artery passes deep to flexor retinaculum posterior to medial malleolus and terminates distal to adductor hallucis as medial and lateral plantar arteries

A

posterior tibial artery

44
Q

what smaller branch of posterior tibial artery supplies muscles of the great toe and contributes to deep plantar arch

A

medial plantar artery

45
Q

which artery is larger than medial plantar artery and forms the deep plantar arch with deep plantar artery

A

lateral plantar artery

46
Q

which vein begins in the foot, ascends anterior to medial malleolus into leg

A

greater saphenous vein

47
Q

name the superficial veins in posterior aspect that merge in posterior leg

A

lesser saphenous vein

48
Q

do you have better fine motor control of hands or feet

A

hands

49
Q

how many layers of plantar muscles are there

A

four

Anatomy (9 decks)

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