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ANATOMY > Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4/(5) Joints of the ANKLE

A

Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint
Inferior Tibio-Fibular Joint
Talocrural Joint (ankle joint)
Subtalar Joint

Midtarsal Joints - Talocalcaneonavicular
Calcaneocuboid

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2
Q

What type of joint is the Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

A

Synovial Plane Joint

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3
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

A

Head of the Fibular
Tibial-Lateral condyle

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4
Q

What are the ligaments of Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

A

Anterior and Posterior Ligaments of the Fibular Head

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5
Q

What type of joint is the Inferior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

A

Fibrous Syndesmosis Joint

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6
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the Inferior Tibio-Fibula joint?

A

Medial Aspect of Fibula
Fibular notch on the lateral aspect of Tibia

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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the Inferior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

A

Anterior Inferior Ligament
Posterior Inferior Ligament
Transverse Tibio-Fibular Ligament

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8
Q

What type of joint is the Talocrural joint (ankle joint)?

A

Uniaxial Joint

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9
Q

What is the term for ‘neutral position in standing’ ?

A

Plantigrade

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10
Q

What type of joint is the Subtalar Joint?

A

Synovial Plane (modified saddle)

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11
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the Subtalar Joint?

A

Talus articulates with the Calcaneus

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12
Q

What term is used to describe the Mid-Tarsal Joints?

A

‘S’ shaped

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13
Q

What are the ‘2’ Mid Tarsal joints?

A

Talocalcaneonavicular
Calcalneocuboid

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14
Q

Name the 4 joints of the FOOT

A

TMT - tarsometatarsal
MTP - Metatarsalphalangeal
PIP - Proximal interphalangeal
DIP - distal interphalangeal

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15
Q

What type of joint is the TMT joint?

A

Synovial Plane Joint

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16
Q

What type of Joint is the MTP joint?

A

Synovial Ellipsoid Joint

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17
Q

What type of joints are the PIP & DIP joints?

A

Synovial Hinge joints

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18
Q

What are the MEDIAL ligaments of the ANKLE joint?

A

Tibiocalcaneal Ligament
Tibionavicular Ligament
Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament
Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament
Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament

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19
Q

What are the LATERAL ligaments of the ANKLE joint?

A

Calcaneofibular ligament
Anterior Talofibular ligament
Posterior Talofibular Ligament

20
Q

What are the FUNCTIONS of the FOOT & ANKLE?

A

Stable base of support
Absorbs shock of body weight
Allows adjustment of line of gravity
important role in sensation/ proprioception / balance
Conforms the foot to irregular terrain
Provides propulsion & restraint in walking
Provides a rigid lever for push-off

21
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: ANKLE DORSIFLEXION

A

PRIME MOVER: Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Peroneus Tertius

22
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION

A

PRIME MOVER: Gastrocnemius / Soleus
Tibialis Posterior
Peroneus Longus & Brevis
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus

23
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: (ANKLE) INVERSION

A

PRIME MOVER: Tibialis Anterior & Tibialis Posterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus

24
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: (ANKLE) EVERSION

A

PRIME MOVER: Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Tertius

25
Q

What is the ROM in ANKLE DORSIFLEXION?

A

20-30 degrees when knee is EXTENDED
35 degrees when the knee is FLEXED

26
Q

What limits the ANKLE during movement: DORSIFLEXION?

A

Tension in antagonists
Ligaments - Calcaneofibular ligament

27
Q

What is the ROM in ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION?

A

50 degrees

28
Q

What limits movement during ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION?

A

Tension in antagonists
Ligaments - Anterior Talofibular Ligament

29
Q

What is the ROM during ANKLE INVERSION?

A

45 -60 degrees
(Greater in plantar flexion)

30
Q

What limits movement during ANKLE INVERSION?

A

Ligament - Dorsal Talonavicular ligament

31
Q

What is the ROM during ANKLE EVERSION?

A

15-30 degrees

32
Q

What limits movement during ANKLE EVERSION?

A

Impact of Talus on floor of Sinus Tarsi
Ligament - Plantar Calcaneocuboid

33
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: FOOT FLEXION

A

PRIME MOVERS: Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The Lumbricals
The Interossei
Assisted by: Flexor Digitorum Accessoruis

34
Q

What is the ROM during FOOT FLEXION?

A

40 degrees
45 degrees (GREAT TOE)

35
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: FOOT EXTENSION

A

PRIME MOVERS: Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Longus (GREAT TOE)

36
Q

What is the ROM during FOOT EXTENSION?

A

40 degrees
70 degrees (GREAT TOE)

37
Q

What limits movement during FOOT EXTENSION?

A

Plantar ligaments

38
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: FOOT ABDUCTION (foot in plantigrade)

A

PRIME MOVERS: Abductor Hallucis
ADM - Abductor Digit Minimi
Dorsal Interossei (2nd, 3rd, & 4th) toes

39
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: FOOT ADDUCTION (foot in PLANTIGRADE)

A

PRIME MOVERS: Adductor Hallucis
Plantar Interossei (3rd, 4th & 5th) toes

40
Q

What limits movement during FOOT ADDUCTION?

A

Apposition of soft tissue

41
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: TOE FLEXION
(Interphalangeal)

A

PRIME MOVERS: Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Assisted By: Flexor Digitorum Accessorius

42
Q

What is the ROM during TOE FLEXION?

A

PIP - 35 degrees
DIP - 60 degrees
IP (GREAT TOE) - 90 degrees

43
Q

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: TOE EXTENSION
(Interphalangeal)

A

PRIME MOVERS: Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Assisted By: The Lumbricals

44
Q

What is the ROM during TOE EXTENSION?

A

PIP - 0 degrees
DIP - 30 degrees
IP ( GREAT TOE) - 0 degrees

45
Q

What limits movement during TOE EXTENSION?

A

Tension in antagonists
Plantar Ligaments

ANATOMY (10 decks)

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