Foot and Ankle

Question 1

The ankle and foot have ____ bones. ___ sesamoid, and ___ articulations. ____ synovial joints

Answer 1

28 bones. 2 sesamoid. 55 articulations. 30 synovial joints.

Question 2

The foot is divided into ? (3)

Answer 2

rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot.

Question 3

rearfoot =

Answer 3

talus and calcaneus

Question 4

midfoot =

Answer 4

navicular, cuboid and 3 cuniforms

Question 5

forefoot =

Answer 5

14 bones of toes and 5 metatarsals. the medial and lateral sesamoids.

Question 6

Distal tibiofibular joint is classified as?

Answer 6

syndesmosis

Question 7

Distal tibiofibular joint consisits of a ____ tibial surface and a ____ distal end of the fibula

Answer 7

concave, convex.

Question 8

the distal tibiofibular joint is a common area of _______ = separating ankle bones due to injury

Answer 8

diastasis

Question 9

Talocrural joint is formed between the saddle-shapped _____ and the distal ___

Answer 9

talas, tibia.

Question 10

Talocrural joint is classified as a _____ hinge or a modified ____ joint

Answer 10

synovial, sellar

Question 11

The primary motions at this joint are dorsiflexion and The primary motions at the talocrural joint are _____ and
____ _____, with a total range of 70 plantar flexion, with a total range of ___ to ___.

Answer 11

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion.

70-80°

Question 12

Theoretically, the pattern of the ankle joint is more
restriction of ______ than _____ although
clinically this appears to be reversed clinically this appears to be reversed.

Answer 12

plantarflexion than dorsiflexion

Question 13

The close-packed position is ____-_____ dorsiflexion, while the ___-____ position is midway between supination and pronation.

Answer 13

weight-bearing.

open-packed

Question 14

subtalar joint aka?

Answer 14

talocalcaneal

Question 15

subtalar joint consists of two _____ _____ surfaces with their own joint cavities.

Answer 15

modified ovoid.

Question 16

the bicondylar subtalar joint ensures that the ____ and ___ aspects can move in opposite directions.

Answer 16

anterior and posterior.

Question 17

while the anterior aspect is moving _____, the posterior aspect is moving ____.

Answer 17

medially. Laterally.

Question 18

subtalar joint supination and pronation are measured clinically by the amount of ?

Answer 18

calcaneal or hindfoot inversion and eversion.

Question 19

(subtalar joint) In normal individuals, there is an inversion to eversion ratio of 2:3 to 1:3, which amounts to approximately ____ of inversion and __ of eversion.

Answer 19

20 degrees.

10 degrees.

Question 20

In chronic arthritic conditions, there is an
increasing limitation of _____ , but with
traumatic arthritis, _______ appears most limited clinically.

Answer 20

inversion. eversion

Question 21

The close-packed position for this joint is full ______, while the open-packed position is _____/______.

Answer 21

inversion. inversion/plantar flexion.

Question 22

Two superficial ligaments of the talocalcaneal joint ligaments?

Answer 22

lateral and posterior talocalcaneal ligaments.

Question 23

midtarsal joint complex consists of the ______ and _____ articulations.

Answer 23

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid.

Question 24

talonavicular joint is classified as?

Answer 24

synovial, compound, modified ovoid joint.

Question 25

calcaneocuboid joint is classified as ?

Answer 25

simple, synovial modified sellar joint.

Question 26

What ligaments provide support to the mid-tarsal joint?

Answer 26

1. spring ligament 2. long plantar 3. a portion of bifurcate ligament dorsally.

Question 27

the cuneovavicular joint is classified as?

Answer 27

compound, synovial, modified ovoid joint.

Question 28

intercuneiform and cuneocuboid joints are classified as?

Answer 28

compound, synovial, modified ovoid joints

Question 29

when considered alone, this joint is classified as a compound modified ovoid, synovial joint?

Answer 29

cubometatarsal joint.

Question 30

This joint is classified as a syndesmosis or plane surfaced joint

Answer 30

cubonavicular joint.

Question 31

1st intermetatarsal joint classified as?

Answer 31

simple, synovial, modified ovoid joint.

Question 32

2nd, 3rd and 4th classified as?

Answer 32

compound joints.

Question 33

metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints classified as?

Answer 33

simple, synovial, modified ovoid joints.

Question 34

IP joints classified as?

Answer 34

simple, synovial modified sellar joints.

Question 35

IP joint: hyperextension of the MTP and flexion of PIP+DIP =?

Answer 35

claw toe

Question 36

IP joint: hyperextension of the MTP & DIP joint and flexion of the PIP joint = ?

Answer 36

hammer toe

Question 37

IP joint: hyperflexion of the DIP joint with callus formation on the dorsum of the affected

Answer 37

Mallet Toe

Question 38

A lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe with pain on the medial side of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint =?

Answer 38

Hallux Valgus

Question 39

overlapping toes (in Hallux valgus) are the result of the adaptation to _____

Answer 39

bunion.

Question 40

If at the 5th? = _____ bunion or a _____.

Answer 40

tailors bunion, bunionette.

Question 41

Plantar fascial originates from the __ _____ and inserts through a complex network to the plantar ____.

Answer 41

os calcis, forefoot.

Question 42

plantar fascia is composed of a tough _____ layer. composed histologically of both ____ and _____ fibers.

Answer 42

fibrous layer. collagen and elastic fibers.

Question 43

Abnormally high arch = ?

Answer 43

Pes Cavus **

Question 44

Absent arch = ?

Answer 44

Pes Planus **

Question 45

the ankle retinacula, function to ____ the leg tendons as the cross the ankle to enter the foot.

Answer 45

tether.

Question 46

Extrinsic muscles of the foot are divided into (4) compartments?

Answer 46

1. anterior 2. posterior superficial 3. posterior deep 4. lateral

Question 47

anterior compartment contains the _______ of the foot.

Answer 47

dorsiflexors

Question 48

Dorsiflexors include? (4)

Answer 48

1. tibialis anterior 2. extensor digitorum longus 3. extensor hallucis longus 4. peroneus tertius

Question 49

Which dorsiflexor is the strongest in the foot?

Answer 49

Tibialis anterior tendon ***

Question 50

Loss of the _____ ____ muscle strength can lead to _____ - foot or _____ ____.

Answer 50

tibialis anterior. Drop-foot. steppage gait.

Question 51

Posterior superficial compartment contains? (3)

Answer 51

1. gastrocnemius 2. soleus 3. plantaris muscle

Question 52

Posterior deep compartment contains? foot ______ (3)

Answer 52

flexors: 1. posterior tibialis 2. flexor digitorum longus 3. flexor hallucis longus

Question 53

Lateral compartment contains the _____ L&B.

Answer 53

peroneus

Question 54

Intrinsic muscles of the foot are divided into ___ layers.

Answer 54

4

Question 55

1st layer contains? (3)

Answer 55

1. abductor hallucis 2. abductor digiti minimis 3. flexor digitorum brevis

Question 56

2nd layer contains (2)

Answer 56

1. flexor digitorum accessorius (quadratus plantae) | 2. Lumbricales.

Question 57

3rd layer contains (3)

Answer 57

1. flexor hallucis brevis 2. flexor digiti minimis 3. Adductor hallucis

Question 58

4th layer contains (2)

Answer 58

1. dorsal interossei | 2. plantar interossei

Question 59

Dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot consist of the ____ ____ ____ and ___ ___ ___ mucles. (2)

Answer 59

extensor hallucis brevis & extensor digitorum brevis.

Question 60

how many arches in the foot?

Answer 60

3

Question 61

Name the arches in the foot (3)

Answer 61

1. media longitudinal 2. lateral longitudinal 3. transverse

Question 62

Who is your fave aussie friend ? :)

Answer 62

Rebecca - lovin the freebies.

Question 63

It's going tibia okay!

Answer 63

- Tibia :p

Question 64

Medial Longitudinal arch is made up of?

Answer 64

1. 1st 3 digits 2. their metatarsals 3. cuneiforms 4. navicular 5. talus

Question 65

Lateral longitudinal arch is made up of?

Answer 65

1. 4th and 5th digits 2. their metatarsals 3. cuboid 4. calcaneus

Question 66

Transverse arch of the foot is primarily formed by the __ ______ bones.

Answer 66

5 metatarsal bones

Question 67

what did the stimulus do to the neuron after they got married?

Answer 67

Carried it over the threshold -_-

Question 68

Dropped transverse arch leads to excessive pressure between the _______ ____

Answer 68

metatarsal heads

Question 69

pain between the metatarsal head (typically 3 and 4). No apparent injury- leads to?

Answer 69

Morton's Neuroma

Question 70

the _______ nerve, the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. provides _____ _____ to the ____ aspect of the foot.

Answer 70

saphneous. cutaneous distribution . Medial .

Question 71

which nerve provides sensory and motor innervation for the foot and leg?

Answer 71

sciatic nerve

Question 72

Neuropath of posterior tibial nerve in tarsal tunnel due to compression or stretching = ?

Answer 72

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Question 73

repetitive hyperflexion or hyperextension motion resulting in _____ with resulting constriction of ____

Answer 73

tenosynovitis. PTN

Question 74

Unilateral swelling = ?

Answer 74

residual edema secondary to trauma

Question 75

Bilateral swelling = ?

Answer 75

may indicate cardiac or lymphatic problems or a pelvic obstruction to venous return.

Question 76

What do you call a tooth in a glass of water?

Answer 76

a one molar solution

Question 77

frontal plane motions?

Answer 77

inversion and eversion

Question 78

sagittal plane motions?

Answer 78

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 79

horitonzal plane motions?

Answer 79

adduction and abduction

Question 80

A ______ motion describes a movement about an obliquely oriented axis through all ____ body planes.

Answer 80

triplane. three

Question 81

Triplanar motions occur at the ____, ____, and _____ joints and at the ____ and ____ rays.

Answer 81

talocrural, stubtalar, and midtarsal joints. 1st and 5th rays.

Question 82

_____ and _____ are considered triplanar motions.

Answer 82

pronation and supination

Question 83

pronation and abduction in the _____ plane

Answer 83

transverse

Question 84

dorsiflexion in the _____ plane

Answer 84

sagittal

Question 85

eversion in the _____ plane

Answer 85

frontal

Question 86

name the 3 body plane motions in supination.

Answer 86

1. adduction 2. plantar flexion 3. inversion

Question 87

Function of the 1st MTP ?

Answer 87

to provide stability to medial aspect of foot and propulsion during gait.

Question 88

normal alignment of 1st MTP varies between ___ degrees ___ and ___ degrees ___.

Answer 88

5-varus | 15 - valgus

Question 89

Great toe has ____ of active plantar flexion and _____ of active extention

Answer 89

30 degrees | 50 degrees

Question 90

Great toe, increased passivly to between ___ - ___ degrees.

Answer 90

70 - 90.

Question 91

disorder of the purine metabolism where hyperuricemia leads to deposition of sodium monourate crystals into cartilage, synovium and subcutaneous tissues?

Answer 91

gout

Question 92

Gout male to female ratio?

Answer 92

20:1

Question 93

Gout ages?

Answer 93

40 to 60

Question 94

MC joint for gout?

Answer 94

1st MTP

Question 95

Laboratory tests will show an elevated ____, _____ and ____

Answer 95

ESR, Leukocytosis and hyperuricemia.

Question 96

Increasing weakness with repeated contractions of the same resistance indicate?

Answer 96

a palsy

Question 97

consistent weakness with repeated contractions could suggest?

Answer 97

decondition muscle, or a muscle tear.

Question 98

Yay Done :D

Answer 98

wohoo