Test 2 Lumbars

Question 1

Neurofibromatosis is a ___ disorder that produces pigmented spots, and ___ soft tissue nodules clustered along __ __.

Answer 1

genetic
pedunculated
nerve sheaths

Question 2

In neurofibromatosis, nodules develop during __, growing to more than __cm in size

Answer 2

childhood

0.5

Question 3

Neurofibromatosis nodules grow throughout individuals life, reaching __cm or more in size

Answer 3

1.5

Question 4

Where are cafe-au-lait patches usually seen in neurofibromatosis?

Answer 4

Trunk, pelvis and flexor creases of elbows and knees

Question 5

What are examples of skeletal deformities that may occur as a result of neurofibromatosis?

Answer 5

Scoliosis
Vertebral body scalloping
Fibrosis dysplasia
tibial pseudoarthritis
Sphenoid bone deformity

Question 6

What are some non-skeletal problems associated with neurofibromatosis?

Answer 6

Mental impairment
seizures
hearing loss
exophthalmosis
decreased visual acuity
GI bleeding

Question 7

Gibbus deformity is a sharp __ in the lower __, affecting the normal __ of the lumbar spine.

Answer 7

kyphosis
thoracics
lordosis

Question 8

A palpable or visible step-off from one sp to another may be indicative of a __. If there is a pars interarticularis defect, then it is a __ present

Answer 8

spondylolisthesis

spondylolysis

Question 9

Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis is a uni- or bilateral defect in the __ with __ or __ displacement of a vertebrae of the adjacent lower vertebrae.

Answer 9

pars
anterior
posterior

Question 10

The umbilicus lies at __-__ disc space at the point where the __ divides into __

Answer 10

L3-L4
aorta
common iliacs

Question 11

Anterior portions of __-__ bodies and discs are palpable below aorta’s division

Answer 11

L4-S1

Question 12

The anterior portions of lumbar bodies are covered by the ___

Answer 12

ALL

Question 13

Primary function of the zygapophyseal joint is to protect the motion segment from __ __forces, and excessive __ and __

Answer 13

anterior shear
rotation
flexion

Question 14

The ALL is from __ along the __ aspect of the entire spinal column, becoming __ as it ascends

Answer 14

sacrum
anterior
thinner

Question 15

The PLL is found throughout the spinal column, where it covers the __ aspect and ___

Answer 15

posteruir

IVD

Question 16

Ligamentum Flavum connects 2 consecutive __

Answer 16

laminae

Question 17

Supraspinous ligament connects the __ of 2 adjacent __

Answer 17

tips

spinous processes

Question 18

Iliolumbar ligament functions to restrain __(4)__ of __ on __

Answer 18

flexion
extension
axial rotation
side bending
L5
S1

Question 19

What are the 3 pseudo-ligaments?

Answer 19

Intertransverse
transforaminal
mamillo-accessory

Question 20

Pseudo-ligaments resemble the __ part of the __ system, separating __ compartments and do not have and mechanical function

Answer 20

membranous
fascial
paravertebral

Question 21

Quadratus lumborum has importance as a lumbar spine __. Lumbar multifudus is important for lumbar segmental __ through it’s ability to provide segmental __ and control __

Answer 21

stabilizer
stability
stiffness
motion

Question 22

Erector Spinae is a composite muscle consisting of __ and __ muscles. Both of these ,sucles are subdivided into the lumbar and thoracic __ and __

Answer 22

Iliocostalis Lumborum
Thoracic Longissimus
Longissimii
Iliocostallii

Question 23

Thoracolumbar fascia assists in the transmission of __ forces rduring lifting activities. Stabilizes the spine against __ __ and __ movements.

Answer 23

extension
anterior shear
flexion

Question 24

Psoas takes origin from anterior portion of __-__ vertebral bodies and discs- it is the main __ __. Pain from psoas abcess increases when hip is actively __.

Answer 24

T12-L5
hip flexor
flexed

Question 25

Sciatic nerve gives off branches to the __ and then divides into 2 terminal branches. What are they?

Answer 25

hamstrings Tibial division peroneal division

Question 26

To palpate sciatic N., locate midpoint between the __ __ and the __ __

Answer 26

ischial tuberosity | greater trochanter

Question 27

A disc is named after the vertebra __. A disc pathology affects the nerve root __.

Answer 27

above | below

Question 28

In a disc protrusion, little pieces of __ __ protrude into the __ fibers

Answer 28

nucleus pulposis | annular

Question 29

Disc prolapse (bulge) occurs when the nucleus pops out of the annular not yet __ fibers, they are just __

Answer 29

torn | stretched

Question 30

Disc extrusion (AKA __) is when fibers are __ and nucleus bursts into the __, which is then torn. Patient often describes a __ noise.

Answer 30

Herniation torn PLL shredding

Question 31

Disc sequestration is when __ pieces of nucleus are in the __ __

Answer 31

multiple | spinal canal

Question 32

Nerve supply to lumbar spine: Outer half of IVD is innervated by __ nerve and __ __ __. ___ aspect is also innervated by these 2 nerves. Thelateral aspect receives only __ innervation

Answer 32

sinuvertebral N. grey rami communicants Postero-lateral sympathetic

Question 33

The z-joints are innervated by the __ branches of __ __

Answer 33

medial | dorsal rami

Question 34

Most of flexion/extension of the lumbar spine occurs in the __ segmental levels. Most of the side bending occurs at the __ lumbar area. Rotation occurs with __ as a coupled motion and is minimal but occurs most at the __ __

Answer 34

lower mid side bending lumbosacral junction

Question 35

At the vertebral level, flexion produces a combination of __ roll and an anterior __ of the body, and the __ or minimal reversal of __.

Answer 35

anterior glide straightening lordosis

Question 36

In flexion of the lumbars, at __-__ reversal may occur, but at __-__, the joint will straighten, but not reverse, unless pathology is present.

Answer 36

L4-L5 | L5-S1

Question 37

Pure extension involves __ roll and glide of vertebra, and a __ and __ motion of the z joints, but not necessarily a chnage in the degree of __.

Answer 37

posterior posterior inferior lordosis

Question 38

Axial rotation of the lumbar spine amount to about __ degrees on both sides. The greatest amount of segmental rotation, about __ degrees, occurs at the __ and __ segment.

Answer 38

13 5 L5 S1

Question 39

What are some goals of the acute phase of intervention?

Answer 39

- decrease pain, inflammation, and spasm - promote healing of tissues - Increase pain free ROM - Regain soft tissue extensibility - regain neuromuscular control - allow progression to functional stage

Question 40

What are some goals of the function phase of intervention?

Answer 40

- Correct imbalances of strength and flexibility - Incorporate neuromuscular re-education - Strengthen kinetic chain - posture correction and retraining - Initiate and execute functional activities without pain and while dynamically stabilizing the spine in an automatic manner