Foot and ankle arthrology

Question 1

What is the Talocrural Joint?

Answer 1

AKA mortise joint. It is the joint between the talus and tibia/fibula

Question 2

What forms the mortise joint?

Answer 2

Medial and lateral malleolus (lego blocks)

Question 3

What type of joint is the Distal (inferior) Tibiofibular joint?

Answer 3

Planar joint

Question 4

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

Answer 4

Hinge joint

Question 5

What are the ligaments of the Distal Tibiofibular joint?

Answer 5

AITFL: anterior inferior tibiofibular lig

interosseous membrane

PiTFL: posterior inferior tibiofibular lig

Question 6

What is the strong, thick, dense ligament which stabilizes the syndesmosis between the two bones?

Answer 6

PiTFL: posterior inferior tibiofibular lig

Question 7

What helps stabilize the tibia and fibula to create the mortus for the talus to sit in?

Answer 7

AiTFL & interosseous membrane

Question 8

is the talus CONVEX or CONCAVE?

Answer 8

Convex

Question 9

is the distal tibia CONVEX or CONCAVE

Answer 9

Concave

Question 10

When is there forces on the syndesmosis?

Answer 10

DF

Question 11

What action causes post glide of talus in mortise?

Answer 11

DF

Question 12

What causes gapping or separation of syndesmosis?

Answer 12

DF

Question 13

Fibula glides POST when you

Answer 13

DF

Question 14

What action causes an ANT glide of talus in mortise?

Answer 14

PF

Question 15

What closes the syndesmosis?

Answer 15

PF

Question 16

Fibula glides ANT when you?

Answer 16

PF

Question 17

How does a high ankle sprain occur?

Answer 17

Hyper DF (snowboarding)

OR Eversion, Rotation & DF (most common way)

Question 18

What gets damaged when you get a high ankle sprain?

Answer 18

Anterior tibiofibular ligament and the syndesmosis.

Question 19

What are the ligaments of the medial ankle?

Answer 19

“deltoid” or medial collateral lig (3 parts)

Question 20

What are the 3 parts of the Deltoid lig?

Answer 20

1) Tibiotalar (ant & post)
2) Tibiocalcaneal lig
3) Tibionavicular lig

Question 21

What does the Deltoid lig resist?

Answer 21

Eversion force at talus, calcaneus and navicular bone (cause each of 3 ligs attaches to the three bones)

Question 22

What are the lateral ankle ligaments called?

Answer 22

1) ATFL: anterior talofibular lig
2) CFL: Calcaneofibular lig
3) PTFL: Posterior Talofibular lig

Question 23

What does the ATFL resist?

Answer 23

ANT translation of talus in mortise. If you PF it also prevents inversion forces on talus

Question 24

What does the CFL resist?

Answer 24

Inversion of calcaneus in PF and DF

Question 25

What does the PTFL resist?

Answer 25

Inversion of talus from neutral to DF

Question 26

Subtalar joint morphology?

Answer 26

On POST side we have a CONVEX calcaneus which integrates with CONCAVE talus On ANT side we have Concave side which integrates with the CONVEX talus

Question 27

What is the ankle great at?

Answer 27

dissipating forces

Question 28

How many planes of motion does the subtalar joint have?

Answer 28

3: IN/EV, PF/DF, ADD/ABD

Question 29

Calcaneus moves on talus in WB or none WB?

Answer 29

None WB

Question 30

talus moves on Calcaneus in WB or none WB?

Answer 30

WB

Question 31

In weight bearing what motions happen for pronation?

Answer 31

Calcaneal eversion, Talar adduction, talar PF

Question 32

In weight bearing what motions happen for supination?

Answer 32

Calcaneal inversion, talar abduction, talar df

Question 33

In NONE weight bearing what motions happen for supination? (with calcaneus)

Answer 33

Calcaneal inversion, cancanear addcution, | calcanea PF

Question 34

In NONE weight bearing what motions happen for pronation? (with calcaneus)

Answer 34

calcaneal eversion, calcaneal abduction, calcaneal DF

Question 35

When foot is supinated is axis parallel or perpendicular?

Answer 35

perpendicular

Question 36

When foot is pronated is axis parallel or perpendicular?

Answer 36

parallel

Question 37

What is referred to "loose bag of bones"

Answer 37

foot is pronated (reduced force)

Question 38

Supination or pronation, which is more optimal to push off of?

Answer 38

supination

Question 39

What happens to tibia and foot during supination?

Answer 39

ER of tibia | inversion, add, PF of forefoot

Question 40

What happens to tibia and foot during pronation?

Answer 40

IR of tibia | Eversion, ABD, DF of fore foot

Question 41

What type of joints are intertarsal joints?

Answer 41

planar joints

Question 42

what is the goal of the intertarsal joints?

Answer 42

provide stability

Question 43

Damage to what foot joint can cause pain when you push off the forefoot?

Answer 43

Tarsometatarsal joint "lis franc"

Question 44

Whats the most important ligament involving the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 44

Spring ligament AKA "plantar clacaneonavicular ligament"

Question 45

Plantar ligaments are where?

Answer 45

bottom (plantar) aspect of the foot

Question 46

What are the plantar ligaments of the foot?

Answer 46

Long plantar lig & short plantar lig

Question 47

What is another name for ovoid joint?

Answer 47

condyloid

Question 48

Where is the short plantar lig? where does it connect

Answer 48

deep to the long one. connects from calcaneus to cuboid

Question 49

How can someone damage their Spring ligament?

Answer 49

Acute trauma or diabetes.

Question 50

What kind of joint are the MTP joints

Answer 50

synovial condyloid joints

Question 51

Whats the morphology of the MTP joint?

Answer 51

Convex metatarsal and CONCAVE proximal phalanges

Question 52

What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?

Answer 52

hinge joints

Question 53

What are the collateral ligaments of the IP joints used to resist?

Answer 53

FLX/EXT

Question 54

Do MTP joints of foot have collateral ligaments too?

Answer 54

YES