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MSK SB > Foot + Ankle Problems > Flashcards

Foot + Ankle Problems Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

what ligament in the foot is most commonly sprained

A

anterior talofibular ligament

ATFL

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2
Q

muscle power in the ankle/foot

A 
Tibialis Posterior
Tibialis Anterior
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
EHL, FHL
EDL, FDL
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3
Q

what is pes planus

A

flat feet

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4
Q

what is pen planus associated with and what is the difference between flexible and fixed flat feet

A

associated with ligamentous laxity

flexible flat feet form an arch when patients goes on tip-toes

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5
Q

what is the most common cause of acquired flat foot in adults

A

tibialis posterior dysfunction

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6
Q

Features of tibias posterior dysfunction

A 
obese, middle age, female
increases with age
hypertension/diabetes
steroid injection
seronegative arthropathies
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7
Q

symptoms/signs of TPD

A

pain and/or swelling posterior to medial malleolus
change in foot shape
diminished walking ability

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8
Q

Tx of TPD

A

physiotherapy
insole to support medial longitudinal arch
surgery

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9
Q

what is not recommended in TPD Tx

A

NO steroid injections

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10
Q

what is pes cavus

A

high arched foot

often with clawing of toes

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11
Q

what causes pes cavus

A 
most common idiopathic
CP
Polio
Spina bifida
Club foot
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12
Q

what is plantar fasciitis

A

thickening of the plantar fascia

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13
Q

what are signs/symptoms of PF

A

start-up pain after rest
worse after exercise
swelling of plantar medial aspect of heel
tenderness over plantar aspect of heel

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14
Q

where is pain felt in PF

A

heel and bottom of the foot

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15
Q

what test is positive of PF

A

Tinel’s test positive for Baxter’s nerve

lightly tap over nerve to cause pins and needles sensation

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16
Q

causes of PF

A

physical overload
seronegative arthropathy
diabetes
abnormal foot shape

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17
Q

Tx of plantar fasciitis

A

Usually self-limiting, 18-24 months

NSAIDs
Night splints
Taping 
Physio
Steroid injection
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18
Q

what is hallux valgus

A

lateral deviation of the big toes and the subsequent affect it has on the forefoot

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19
Q

incidence of Hallux valgus

A

increases with age
usually bilateral
F > M

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20
Q

who commonly gets Hallux valgus

A

RA

CTDs

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21
Q

what are indications for hallux valgus operative Mx

Study These Flashcards
A 
failure of non-op 
pain
lesser toe deformities
overlapping
ulceration
22
Q

what is the aim of surgery of HV

Study These Flashcards
A

aim to realign the hallux
decrease the HV angle

correct any lesser toes deformities at the same time

23
Q

what is hallux rigidus

Study These Flashcards
A

OA of 1st MTPJ

24
Q

Mx of HR

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-op

Op

  • joint replacement
  • fusion (arthrodesis)
25
what are features of the Rheumatoid foot
subluxed MTPJs Hallux valgus Clawed toes Painful plantar calluses
26
problems in the hindfoot in RA
Unstable subtalar joint, calcaneus drifts into valgus | Medial arch collapses, flat feet
27
what is Morton's neuroma
Degenerative fibrosis of digital nerve near it’s bifurcation
28
what signs and symptoms of Morton's neuroma
get forefoot pain (metatarsalgia) | burning and tingling in toes
29
what Ix is first line for Morton's neuroma
USS
30
Mx of Morton's neuroma
Non-op - insoles, injections Op - excise nerve but gives them numbness between toes
31
what causes pain, morning stiffness in (most commonly) men feet/ankles and eases with heat/walking
Tendo-Achilles Tendinosis
32
what is Tendo-Achilles Tendinosis
Repetitive microtrauma, failure of collagen repair with loss of fibre alignment/structure
33
what can cause Tendo-Achilles Tendinosis
over training steroids ciprofloxacin CTDs
34
Ix for Tendo-Achilles Tendinosis
Clinical | USS
35
Mx for Tendo-Achilles Tendinosis
``` Analgesia NSAIDs Shockwave therapy Physio Surgery ```
36
what is features of Tendo-Achilles rupture
Usually over 40s Often pre-existing tendinosis very painful - patient thinks they've been hit
37
clinical appearance of tendo-achilles rupture
``` unable to bear weight weak plantar flexion cannot stand on toes palpable painful gap sudden deceleration with resisted calf contraction ```
38
what test will be positive in tendon-achilles rupture
Simmonds test | i.e. positive calf squeeze
39
what causes claw/hammer/mallet toes
acquired imbalance between flexors and extensors
40
what can claw/hammer/mallet toes cause
painful callus/corns with skin breakdown
41
surgical options of claw/hammer/mallet toes
tenotomies (division of tendons), tendon transfer, fusions (PIP) or amputation
42
MOI of ankle sprains
Twisting forces (commonly inversion or twisting forces on a planted foot)
43
ankle sprains heal quicker than ankle fractures - true or false
false | fractures heal quicker
44
Mx of ankle sprains
Non-op - RICE - Physio Op - Brostrum Gould - Chrisman Snook
45
what classification is used Ankle Fracture
Weber Classification | Weber A/B/C
46
what type of fracture in the foot are very common
5th metatarsal fractures | inversion injury
47
what are the 3 MOI of 5th metatarsal fracture
1. Avulsion by peroneus brevis tendon (heal predictably in moonboot, do well) 2. Jones fracture, poor blood supply, 25% risk non-union 3. Proximal shaft (common site for stress fracture)
48
what is Jones fracture
fracture in the meta-diaphyseal junction of the fifth metatarsal of the foot
49
what is Lisfranc fracture
injury of the foot in which one or more of the metatarsal bones are displaced from the tarsus
50
MOI of calcaneus fracture
Fall from height, look for other injuries esp spinal, often intra-articular, significant swelling, risk compartment syndrome
51
MOI of Talus fracture
Forced dorsiflexion/rapid deceleration
52
what are possible complications of a Talus fracture
Talus has reverse blood supply | risk of AVN and OA

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