Foot special tests

Question 1

Mulder’s sign

Answer 1

Positive: neurological s/s or reproduction of pain
Indicates: morton’s neuroma (plantar nerve)

Question 2

Plantar Fascia Test

Answer 2

Positive: medial calcaneal pain or pain along the plantar fascia
Indicates: plantar fasciatis

Question 3

Navicular Drop

Answer 3

Positive: drop of more than 10mm
Indicates: pes planis

Question 4

Posterior Drawer

Answer 4

Positive: excessive movement or pain
Indicates: posterior talofibular ligament involvement

Question 5

Anterior drawer

Answer 5

Positive: Pain or excessive movement
Indicates: anterior talofibular ligament

Question 6

Rotation Test

Answer 6

Positive: pain or laxity
Indicates: Medial (ATF, CF, PTF)
Lateral (deltoid ligament)

Question 7

Varus Stress Test

Answer 7

Positive: pain or laxity in ligaments
Indicates: calcaneofibular ligament

Question 8

Valgus Stress Test

Answer 8

Positive: pain or laxity
Indicates: deltoid ligaments

Question 9

Kleiger Tests

Answer 9

Positive: pain on medial side, subluxation, instability
Indicates: anterior talo fibular, or deltoid

Question 10

Tap test

Answer 10

Positive: pain
Indicates: high ankle sprain

Question 11

Compression/Distraction

Answer 11

Pain with compression: fracture

Pain with distraction: separation of interosseous membrane

Question 12

Figure 8

Answer 12

measures effusion

Question 13

Ottawa ankle rules

Answer 13

1. tenderness at posterior edge of distal 6cm of tibia or fibula
2. tenderness at the tip of the medial or lateral malleolus
3. Tenderness at the base of the 5th metatarsal
4. tenderness at the navicular bone
5. midfoot pain
6. inability to weight bear or ambulate 4 steps