FoPC 2 - Notes

Question 1

What is the definition of Incidence?

Answer 1

The number of new cases per year

Question 2

What is the definition of prevalence?

Answer 2

The number of existing cases

Question 3

What is the definition of Pathophysiology?

Answer 3

the pathological basis of the underlying disease process

Question 4

What is the definition of Clinical Disease?

Answer 4

when the pathophysiological process leads to a specific clinical consequence

Question 5

What is the definition of an Illness Episode?

Answer 5

The time between the onset and offset periods

Question 6

What is the definition of Response?

Answer 6

A pattern of decrease in symptoms and/or signs of illness indicative of a decrease in severity of the underlying pathological process

Question 7

What is the definition of Recovery?

Answer 7

A sustained period of health that follows an episode of illness when signs / symptoms of illness are no longer present or are regarded as insufficient to warrant further investigation or a change in treatment

Question 8

What is the definition of Remission?

Answer 8

A period following an episode of illness of insufficient duration to warrant the term “recovery” when signs / symptoms of illness have lessened in intensity and remain insufficient to warrant further investigation or a change of treatment

Question 9

What is the definition of Relapse?

Answer 9

The reinstatement of signs or symptoms following an episode of illness

Question 10

What is the definition of Recurrence?

Answer 10

The reinstatement of a new episode of illness following an abatement of signs or symptoms of sufficient duration to warrant the term “recovery”

Question 11

What is the definition of Body / Structure Impairment?

Answer 11

any disturbance in body structures, or organ or system function which are present at birth or arise from disease or injury

Question 12

What is the definition of Activity Limitation (Disability)?

Answer 12

This is the restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner or within the range which would be considered normal

Question 13

What is the definition of Participation Restriction?

Answer 13

The social disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or activity limitation that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal for that individual

Question 14

What is the WHO definition of Health?

Answer 14

Health is a state of complete physical mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 15

What is the aetiology of chronic diseases?

Answer 15

This is usually the end results of a long term complex interaction of factors (genetic factors, environmental factors, both or neither)

Question 16

What is the definition of Vulnerability?

Answer 16

An individual’s capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis

Question 17

What is the impact of Chronic Disease, on the Individual?

Answer 17

1. Negative denial
2. Positive-denial
3. Self-pity
4. Apathy

Question 18

What is the impact of Chronic Disease, on the Family?

Answer 18

1. Financial
2. Emotional
3. Other family members become ill as a result

Question 19

What is the impact of Chronic Disease, on the Community / Society?

Answer 19

Isolation of an individual

Question 20

What are the 3 forms of problem solving / clinical reasoning?

Answer 20

1. Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
2. Inductive reasoning
3. Pattern recognition

Question 21

What is meant by Hypothetico-deductive reasoning, in a GP setting?

Answer 21

1. You receive information from a patient that you interpret and from which you come to multiple hypotheses
2. You test your hypotheses and from results make decisions over diagnoses and management
   Note - Some causes (or peices of information) are more probable (valuble) than others it is therefore efficient to bear the common causes (important peices) uppermost in our minds

Question 22

Is Hypothetico-deductive reasoning used by inexperienced clinicians (or medical students)?

Answer 22

No, It takes quite a lot of experience to be able to use the hypotheticodeductive model safely and effectively

Question 23

What is meant by Inductive reasoning, in a GP setting?

Answer 23

1. You are presented with symptoms and have no idea what is wrong
2. You use a comprehensive inductive model to think systematically about what could be wrong

Question 24

Who normally uses Inductive reasoning?

Answer 24

1. Medical students
2. Inexperienced practitioners
3. Experienced practitioners as a fall back if Hypothetico-deductive reasoning fails