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Physics (GCSE Combined Science AQA: Trilogy) > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

1
Q

Scalar quantities only have …

A

Magnitude

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2
Q

Vector quantities have …

A

Magnitude and direction

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3
Q

In a vector quantity what does an arrow represent?

A

Length = size and direction shows direction.

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4
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or a pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object.

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5
Q

What are contact forces and examples?

A

When the objects are physically touching.
Friction
Air resistance
Tension
Normal contact force

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6
Q

What is a non-contact force and examples?

A

When the objects are physically separated.
Gravitational force
Electrostatic force
Magnetic force

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7
Q

What is weight?

A

The force acting on an object due to gravity.

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8
Q

What are the typical values of speed for walking, running and cycling?

A

1.5, 3, 6

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9
Q

A runner runs around a circular track at a constant speed. Will her velocity be constant?

A

No as the direction is changing and velocity is a vector.

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10
Q

What does a horizontal line on a distance time graph show?

A

That the object is stationery.

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11
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change of velocity.
(So whenever an object’s velocity changes an object is accelerating).

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12
Q

What is uniform motion?

A

An object that is stationary or has a constant velocity.

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13
Q

What is non-uniform motion?

A

An object with a changing velocity.

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14
Q

How do you find speed at an instant from a distance time graph showing acceleration?

A

Use a tangent.

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15
Q

How do you find distance from a velocity-time graph?

A

The area between the line and the x-axis.

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16
Q

What does a horizontal line represent?

A

DT - Stopped
VT - constant velocity, not accelerating

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17
Q

What does a straight line with a constant gradient represent?

A

DT - constant velocity
VT - Constant acceleration

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18
Q

What does the gradient tell us?

A

DT - velocity
VT - acceleration

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19
Q

Is force a vector or scalar quantity?

A

Vector

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20
Q

From what point on an object can the force of weight be considered to act?

A

The centre of mass

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21
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

The combined effect of the forces acting on an object.

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22
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

Resultant forces cause acceleration.

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23
Q

What is gravitational field strength?

A

The number of newtons of weight per kilogram of mass at a point in a gravitational field.

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24
Q

What is tension?

A

An inwards pull from either end of a stretched object.

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25
Q

What is friction?

A

A push force that act between surfaces that are in contact.

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26
Q

What is normal contact force?

A

A push force exerted between objects that are in contact which always acts at 90° to the surfaces. It is the normal contact force of the ground on us that stops us sinking into it.

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27
Q

What is magnetic force?

A

A push or pull force exerted between objects that produce magnetic fields.

28
Q

What is electrostatic force?

A

A push or pull force exerted between charged objects.

29
Q

What is upthrust?

A

The upwards push of a fluid on an object in that fluid.

30
Q

What is air resistance?

A

The push of the air on an object which is moving through it which always acts to oppose the motion of the object.

31
Q

What is thrust?

A

The forwards push due to an engine.

32
Q

What is mass?

A

A measurement of the amount of matter in an object.

33
Q

What is a vacuum?

A

A place where there are no particles.

34
Q

When is an object in free fall?

A

When the only force acting on an object is its weight.

35
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

The maximum velocity achieved by an object freely falling through a gas or liquid.

36
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

Resultant force = mass x acceleration
F = ma

37
Q

What are the units for acceleration?

A

m/s^2

38
Q

What is inertial mass?

A

A measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object. It is defined as the ratio of force over acceleration.

39
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

Every force has an equal and opposite reaction.

40
Q

What is an equilibrium situation?

A

When the forces are balanced and there is no resultant force in any direction.

41
Q

What is inertia?

A

The tendency of an object to stay at rest or continue moving with uniform motion.

42
Q

Describe distance.

A
  • The total length of the path travelled by a moving object from start to finish
  • Any shape line
  • Scalar
  • No direction
  • Metres
  • Positive value
43
Q

Describe displacement.

A
  • The shortest distance between the start and finish points of a moving object
  • Straight line
  • Vector quantity
  • The direction is described in terms of an angle or point of the compass
  • Metres
  • Positive or negative
  • Will be zero when an object starts and finishes at the same place
44
Q

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

A

Distance only has magnitude, displacement has a magnitude and a direction.

45
Q

What is elastic deformation?

A

When the object goes back to its original shape when the force is removed.

46
Q

What is inelastic deformation?

A

The material does not return to its original shape when the force is removed.

47
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

The total distance that the vehicle travels between the point the driver decides to stop, and the vehicle actually stopping.

48
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

The distance the vehicle travels during the time the driver is reacting.

49
Q

What is braking distance?

A

The distance the vehicle travels after a force is applied on the brakes.

50
Q

What is the relationship between stopping distance and vehicle speed?

A

The greater the speed, the greater the stopping distance.

51
Q

What is reaction time?

A

The time a person takes to react to a situation.

52
Q

What are the factors that affect reaction time?

A

Tiredness, alcohol or drugs, distractions such as a mobile phone.

53
Q

What is the typical range of reaction times?

A

0.2-0.9s

54
Q

What are the disadvantages of using the dropped ruler method?

A

The ruler may be dropped from a slightly different height each time due to human error. The time may also be affected by the reaction time of the person using the stopwatch.

55
Q

Why is there a legal limit for alcohol levels when driving?

A

Alcohol can lengthen a person’s reaction time which increases the overall stopping distance of a vehicle.

56
Q

What is the relationship between reaction time and thinking distance?

A

The thinking distance is the distance the car travels while the driver reacts to danger. If the driver has a longer reaction time, the car will have travelled further - the thinking distance is greater.

57
Q

What is momentum?

A

A quantity relating to a moving object that is calculated by multiplying its mass by its velocity.

58
Q

What are the units for momentum?

A

Kg m/s

59
Q

What is the law of conservation of momentum?

A

That in an event in a closed system the total momentum before the event equals the total momentum after the event.

60
Q

What is a closed system?

A

Where no energy escapes or enters from outside the system, and no external forces are acting on the system.

61
Q

What quantity is momentum?

A

Vector

62
Q

What is used to measure weight?

A

Newtonmeter

63
Q

Distance-time graph for a decelerating object.

A
64
Q

What must happen to make a stationary object move?

A

A resultant force must act on an object.

65
Q

How can a large deceleration cause breaks to overheat in a vehicle?

A

A large deceleration means a greater braking force so more work is done transferring the kinetic energy of the vehicle to the thermal energy of the brakes.
This is because the temperature of the brakes rises rapidly with no time to cool.

Physics (GCSE Combined Science AQA: Trilogy) (7 decks)

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