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forces Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

what type of quantity is a force

A

a vector quantity

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2
Q

what is a vector quantity

A

vector quantities have direction and magnitude

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3
Q

what are some examples of vector quantities that is not force

A

acceleration
momentum
displacement
velocity

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4
Q

what are scalar quantities

A

they only have magnitude and no direction

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5
Q

what are some examples of scalar quantites

A

speed
distance
mass
temperature
time

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6
Q

what are vectors usually represented by

A

a arrow

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7
Q

what does the length of a vector arrow show you

A

the magnitude

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8
Q

what does the direction of a vector arrow show you

A

the direction of the quantity

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9
Q

what is a contact force

A

when the two objects have to be touching for the force to act

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10
Q

what is a non- contact force

A

if the objects do not need to be touching for the force to act then the force is a non-contact force

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11
Q

what are some examples of contact forces

A

friction,air resistance,tension in ropes

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12
Q

what are some examples of non- contact forces

A

magnetic force,gravitational force,electrostatic force and the normal contact force

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13
Q

what is a force

A

a push or pull that acts on a object due to its interaction with another object

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14
Q

what do we measure force in

A

Newtons

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15
Q

Is air resistance a contact or non-contact force? Explain why.

A

Air resistance is a contact force. This is because it is due to the physical contact (collisions) between an object and the particles in the air.

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16
Q

A 20 m displacement North is the same as:

A

-20 displacement south

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17
Q

A women walks 500 m from her home to the shop. She then walks 200 m to the park and finally 400 m back to her home. What is the overall distance and displacement of her journey?

A

distance = 1100m
displacement = 0m because she returns to the original place she started

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18
Q

what is a gravitational force

A

a force of attraction between masses

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19
Q

what are the two important effects of gravity

A
  • on the surface of the planet it makes everything fall to the ground
  • it gives everything a weight
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20
Q

what is the different between mass and weight

A

mass: amount of stuff that is in the object
weight: the force acting on the ibject due to gravity

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21
Q

what do Free body diagrams show

A

use arrows to show all of the forces acting on an object.

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22
Q

what is the The resultant force

A

the overall force acting on an object, taking into account all the different forces acting on it.

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23
Q

During take-off, a plane has a lift force (upwards force) of 690,000 N and a weight (downwards force) of 600,000 N.

What is the resultant force acting on the plane?

A

90,000

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24
Q

A resultant force acts upon an object.

Which two properties might be affected by that resultant force?

A

speed and direction

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25
If all the forces acting on an object balance out, then we say that the object is in:
equuilibrium
26
do the Free Body Diagrams & Resultant Forces quiz
27
what could happen when you apply fore to an object
it could: bend compress stretch
28
do scale diagrams cognito quiz
29
if you want a object to bend compress of stretch what do you need to do
you need more then one force acting on it otherwise the object would just move in the direction of the force
30
what are the two types of deformation
elastic inelastic
31
what is elastic deformation
when the object can go back to its original shape after the force has been removed
32
what are object called if they can be elastically deformed
elastic objects
33
what is inelastic deformation
when a object cant go back to its original shape after the force has been removed
34
what is extenstion
the increase in length of a spring when its stretched
35
what is the extension of the spring directly proportional to
the force applied ( this could be the weight attached to the end of a spring)
36
what does the spring constant tell us
how many newtons would be required to stretch an object by 1 meter
37
what does a higher spring constant mean
that it requires more energy to stretch it
38
Which object do you think has the higher spring constant? bungee chord plank of wood
plank of wood
39
what happens to an object if it passes its elastic limit
it will start deforming inelastically
40
what does it mean if an object has a lower spring constant
it is easier to stretch
41
what is the typical speed of a person walking
1.5m/s
42
what is the typical speed of a person running
3m/s
43
what is the typical speed of a person cycling
6m/s
44
what is the typical speed of a car
25m/s
45
what is the typical speed of a train
55m/s
46
what is the typical speed of a plane
250m/s
47
is speed scalar or vector
scalar
48
is velocity scalar or vector
vector
49
is distance scalar or vector
scalar
50
is displacement scalar or vector
vector
51
what can affect the speed in which something travels at
walk/run - age and fitness and terrain
52
what is acceleration
the rate of change in velocity
53
what is negative acceleration sometimes called
deceleration
54
what is deceleration
when something slows down the change in velocity is negative
55
what is constant acceleration sometimes called
uniform acceleration
56
what does the gradient = on distance time graphs
gradient = speed (steep= faster)
57
what do flat section on distance time graphs mean
where the object is stationary
58
what do straight uphill sections on distance time graphs mean
the object is travelling at a steady speed
59
what do curves represent in distance time graves
acceleration or deceleration
60
what does the gradient = on velocity time graphs
gradient = acceleration
61
what do flat section mean in velocity time graphs
the object is going at a constant velocity
62
what do uphill sections mean in velocity time graphs
acceleration ( down hill are deceleration)
63
in distance time graphs what is on the x and y axis
x = time y = distance
64
in velocity time graphs what is on the x and y axis
x = time y = velocity
65
if an object has no force propelling it along what will happen to it and why
it will slow down and stop because of friction
66
what direction does friction act to movement
the opposite direction
67
what is needed to drive at a steady speed
the driving force needs to be balanced with the frictional force
68
when do you get friction
between two surfaces in contact
69
what is drag
drag is the resistance you get in a fluid ( gas or liquid)
70
what is air resistance
a type of drag - the frictional force produced by air on a moving object
71
what is the most important factor when t comes to reducing drag
keeping the shape of the object streamlined - allows fluid to slow easily across it
72
when does drag increase
when speed increases
73
what is air resistance due to
the collisions between the person and all the tiny air particle that make up the air
74
when a falling object first sets off what is the force gravity and the frictional force like
the force of gravity is much greater than the frictional force so they accelerate
75
The force that causes an object to fall towards the earth is:
weight
76
he size of the air resistance is dependent on the object's ______.
surface area and velocity
77
what happens when the velocity of a falling object increases
the air resistance increases
78
what happens when a falling object has a higher surface area
there will be higher air resistance as there is a larger area that collisions can take place
79
We say an object has reached 'terminal velocity' when it is falling with a _________ velocity.
constant
80
terminal velocity is reached when:
the resultant force ifs 0 the weight has the same magnitude as the air resistance
81
what does newtons first law state
a resultant force is required to change the motion of an object
82
does newtons first law work for stationary or moving objects
both
83
according to newtons first law if a objects resultant force is 0 and its stationary what is its motion?
it remains stationary
84
according to newtons first law if an objects resultant force is 0 and its moving what is its motion?
it carrys on moving at the same velocity
85
what does newtons second law stae
if a non-zero resultant force acts on an object, then it will cause the object to accelerate and the size of a resultant force is directly proportional the acceleration that it causes
86
what are the 5 different things that can happen to the acceleration if a no-zero resultant force acts on an object
- if object is stationary it moves it in direction - if the object is already moving and the resultant goes same direction is would speed up - if the object is already moving and the resultant goes in a differnt direction it would slow down - if the object is already moving in a different direction more slowly then it could cause the object to stop - could cause a change in direction without any change in speed - circular motion
87
what is inertia
the tendency for the motion of an object to remain unchanged - unless acted on by a resultant force,objects at rest stay and rest and objects moving stay moving
88
what is an objects inertial mass
a measure of how difficult it is to chnage an objects velocity
89
what is newtons third law
when two objects interact with each other the force the exert on each other is both equal and opposite
90
what doe sthe equal part of newtons third law refer to
the magnitude
91
what doe sthe opposite part of newtons third law refer to
the direction
92
what is the normal contact force
when exerting a force on a object the object will exert an equala nd opposite force
93
what is stopping distance
the minimum amount of distance required to stop a vehicle in an emergancy
94
what is stopping distance equal to
the thinking distance + the braking distance
95
that is the thinking distance
how far the car travels between during the drivers reaction time (time between driver seeing hazard and applying brakes)
96
what are the two things that affect thinking distance
- speed - faster your going + and the longer the time before you break = further travel - reaction time - varies between people but anything decreasing alertness like tired,drunk,distracted will increase reaction time
97
what si braking distance
teh distance taken to stop under teh braking force
98
what are two normal factors effecting braking distance
- speed - mass - they both incrase the kinetic energy that needs to be reduced to 0 in order to for the vehicle to stop
99
what are other factors that effect braking distance
- condition/quaility of brake - if they a faulty/worn they wont be able to apply as much pressure - traction between car and road, if its wet/icy = less friction - tires are bald - cant grip the road
100
A vehicle drives twice as fast. What happens to the braking distance?
breaking distance increases 4x as
101
is momentum scalar or vector
vector as it have magnitude and direction
102
what is the conservation of momentum principle
in a closed system, the total momentum before and event is = to the total momentum after an event
103
when two particles collide and move in the same direction how can we treat them
as one large particle
104
if the momentum for an object is 0 what would be the momentum of the object after the event
0
105
what does an objects weight depend on
the gravitational field strength at the point where the object is
106
what is the speed of sound in air
330 m/s.
107
what is happening in circular motion
that motion in a circle involves constant speed but changing velocity. (the direction changes)
108
how to calculate thinking distance
speed x reaction time
109
how to calculate breaking distance
(initial speed² / 2x deceleration )

Physics 2 (3 decks)

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