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Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Waves __________ _________ from one place to another without _________ _________.

A

transfer energy
transferring matter

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2
Q

what is The wavelength of a wave

A

the distance of one entire oscillation of that wave.

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3
Q

A wave where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer is a:

A

transverse wave

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4
Q

A wave where the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer is a:

A

longitudal

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5
Q

when waves arrive at a boundary is it always relfected

A

no, they are sometimes reflected

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6
Q

Depending on the conditions, when light hits a material it can be:

A

transmitted
absorbed
reflected

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7
Q

what are examples of transverse waves

A

all electromagnetic waves like light
ripples and waves in water
a wave on a string

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8
Q

what are some examples of longitudinal waves

A

sound wave in air
shock waves

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9
Q

what happens when a wave is absorbed

A

energy is transferred to the material energy stores, often a thermal energy store

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10
Q

what happens when a wave is transmitted through a material

A

the waves carrying on travelling through the new material

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11
Q

what happens when a wave is relfected

A

when the incoming wave is neither absorbed or transmitted, but is sent back away from the second material

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12
Q

what is refraction

A

the change in direction of a wave, as it passes from one medium to another, and is caused by its change in speed.

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13
Q

does light travel more quickly or slowly in dense materials

A

slowly

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14
Q

in refraction,Light travelling from a less dense material, into a more dense material, will bend ________ the normal.

A

towards

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15
Q

if a wave hits a boundary not at an angle is it refracted

A

no, it will carry on straight

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16
Q

what happens when a wave hits a boundary at a angle

A

it changes direction and is refracted

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17
Q

in refraction,Light travelling from a more dense material, into a less dense material, will bend ________ the normal.

A

away

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18
Q

when a wave slows down will it bend away fro towards the normal

A

towards

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19
Q

when a wave speeds up will it bend away or towards to the normal

A

away

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20
Q

complete the diagram on the cognito quiz on refracted rays

A
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21
Q

in ray diagrams in reflections, what is true about the angle of incidence

A

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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22
Q

What type of image will specular reflection produce?

A

a clear image

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23
Q

what type of surfaces does specular reflection take place on

A

surfaces where the boundary is flat (e.g a mirror)

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24
Q

what type of surfaces does diffuse reflection take place on

A

sufaces where the boundary is bumpy

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25
what type of waves are electromagnetic waves
transverse
26
can you usually see your reflection in sufaces that have diffuse relfection
no, not usually
27
how do electromagentic waves transfer energy
from source to absorber
28
how do electro magnetic waves travel
at the same speed through air or a vacuum (space)
29
what is the order of the electromagentic spectum | increasing frequency
radio waves microwaves visible light ultra violet x-rays gamma rays
30
In a vacuum, electromagnetic waves travel at:
3x10^8 m/s
31
what are radio waves like in terms of frequency and wave length
long wave length low frequency
32
Which of types of electromagnetic waves can be used in communication?
radio waves microwaves
33
what part of the electro magnetic spectrum can we see
visable light
34
what gives us all the different colours that we can see
the different wave lengths within the region of visable light
35
Which types of electromagnetic waves are considered ionising?
gamma rays x-rays
36
whats good about long-wave radio wavelengths being able to bend
makes it possible for radio signals to be received even if the receiver inst in line of the sight of the transmitter
37
what are alternating currents made up of?
oscillating charges
38
how can you produce radio waves
by usuing an alternating current in a electrical circuit
39
Oscilloscopes are used to
Display the wave frequency of an alternating current
40
what are the three types of radio waves
long-wave short-wave very short-wave
41
how can long radio waves travel long distances
they can diffract (bend) around the curved surface of the Earth
42
what is the ionsphere
a electrically charged layer in the earths upper atompshere
43
what does the frequency of the alternating current equal
the frequency of the waves
44
what does a transmitter do
creates radio waves
45
what happens when transmitted radio waves reach a reciver
the radio waves are absorbed the energy transferred by waves is transfer ed to the electrons in the material of the receiver
46
do Microwaves and infrared waves have longer or shorter wavelengths than visible light.
longer
47
what are the two groups of microwaves
those that are absorbed by water molecules those that arent absorbed by water molecules
48
what are microwaves that arent absorbed by water molecules used for
communication to and from satellites they can pass easily through earths watery atmosphere as they are not absorbed
49
how does microwaves being picked up my satellites work
once microwaves make it through the atmosphere they are received by a satellite and then transmitted back to earth where they are then detected by a satellite dish (e.g satellite TV)
50
what are microwaves that are absorbed by water molecules used for
micro wave ovens - heat up food
51
what happens to the microwaves in a microwave oven
most food we eat contains food molecules microwaves are fired at food where they penetrate a few centimetres into the food before being absorbed and transferring energy to water molecules causing the water to heat up water molecules transfer this energy to molecules in the food by heating ( conduction or convection)
52
what is infrared radiation emitted from
all objects that have thermal energy
53
what does the amount of infrared radiation emitted depend on
the objects temperature ( hotter the more infrared radiation it emits)
54
what can detect infrared radiation
infrared cameras ( and monitor temperature)
55
how do infrared cameras work
detects IR radiation and turns it into a electrical signal which is displayed onto screen as a picture (hotter = brighter image)
56
what happens if objects absorb infrared radiation
they become hotter
57
what happens when food is cooked with infrared radiation and a example
temperature of food increases as it absorbs IR radiation a toaster
58
how do electric heaters work ( infrared radiation)
- electric heaters contain long wire that heats when a current flows through it - wire emits infrared radiation - emmited IR radiation is absorbed by objects and air in the room ( enegery trans from IR waves to thermal energy stores of objects making temperature increase)
59
what does the different colours that we see in visible light depend on
the wavelength
60
in visible light what colours have the longest and shortest wave length
red- longest violet - shortest
61
what can visible light be used for
seeing things communication
62
what are optical fibres
thin glass or plastic fibres that can carry data over long distance as pulses of visable light
63
what is the order of wavelengths in visible light, from longest to shortest wavelength.
red orange yellow green blue indigo violet
64
how do optic fibres use visable light to transmit data
they light is reflected every time it hits the surface of the fibre it bounces back and fourth until it reaches the end of the fibre where it can be interpreted
65
what type of reflection must happen for visable light to transfer data through optical fibres
specular reflection so all the light rays are reinfect at the same angle
66
what can ultraviolet light be used for
suntans destroying microorganisms on sterilisation checking for 'invisible markings' on passports
67
how are optical fibres better than copper wires and electricity in transmition of visible light in communication
they transfer much more information the signal is less likely to be distorted
68
what is fluorescence
a property of certain chemicals where ultra-violet light is absorbed and then the energy is re-emitted as visible light ( why florescent colours look so bright - because they actually emit light
69
how do fluorescence lights work
they generate UV radiation which is absorbed and re-emitted as visible light by a layer of phosphor on the inside of a bulb
70
what is good about fluorescent lights
they are energy efficient so they are good to use when light is need for long periods of time (classrooms)
71
how can ultra violet light be useful in security
by using 'security pens' you can make property that is completely invisible until you shine a uv light on them
72
what is the main use of x-rays
to help us view the internal structure of objects
73
how do x-rays work to take x-ray photographs
firing x-rays through body recording which get through by a detector plate the x-rays get absorbed by the dense materials but can pass through the parts that are mostly air like the lungs or intestines
74
how can x-rays and gamma ryas be used to treat people with cancer
the high doses of these rays kill all living cells so they can be directed towards cancer cells,to avoid killing to many healthy cells.
75
how do medical staff keep their exposure to gamma and x-rays to a minimum when treating patients
they wear led aprons and stand behind a led screen leave the room
76
why are gamma rays good for sterilising food and medical equipment
The rays can kill microorganisms without causing any other damage.
77
what damage can UV radiation cause
sunburn skin to age prematurely serious effects like: blindness,increased risk of skin cancer
78
what type of radiation is gamma and x-rays
ionising radiation
79
what is radiation dose measured in
sieverts
80
how many millisieverts are in a sievert
1000
81
what is the appartus used to measure the speed of water ripples using a lamp
a signal generator attached to a dipper of a ripple tank you can create waves at a set frequency
82
what is the process in the speed of water ripples usuing a lamp process
- dim lights and turn on lamp to see a wave pattern made by the shadows of the wave crests on the screen below the tank - distance between each shadow line is equal to one wave length - measure distance between 10 wave lengths, divide by 10 to find average wave length - ues equation to find speed of wave length
83
why is he speed of water ripples using a lamp practical suitable for investigating waves
allows you to measure the wave length without disturbing the wave length
84
Why does the student use such a low frequency on the signal generator?
to make make sure the wavelength isn't too short to measure using a ruler
85
what is wave length measured in
metres
86
what is frequency measured in
herts
87
what is wave speed measured in
m/s

Physics 2 (3 decks)

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