Forces And Matter Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is elastic distortion?
When an object returns to its original shape after the force is removed.
What is inelastic distortion?
When an object does not return to its original shape after the force is removed.
What is the formula for force in a spring?
Force = spring constant × extension (F = k × x).
What is the unit of spring constant?
Newton per metre (N/m).
What is the formula for energy transferred in stretching a spring?
E = ½ × k × x².
What does a linear relationship between force and extension mean?
Force and extension are directly proportional.
What is a non-linear relationship between force and extension?
Extension increases but not in direct proportion to force.
What does the area under a force-extension graph represent?
The work done or energy transferred.
How can the spring constant be found?
From the gradient of a force-extension graph.
What is atmospheric pressure?
The pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere.
How does atmospheric pressure vary with height?
It decreases as height above Earth’s surface increases.
What causes pressure in a fluid?
The weight of the fluid and atmospheric pressure.
How does fluid pressure act?
It acts at right angles to any surface.
What is the formula for pressure?
Pressure = force ÷ area (P = F / A).
What is the unit of pressure?
The pascal (Pa).
What affects pressure in a liquid?
Depth and density of the liquid.
What is the formula for pressure in a liquid column?
P = h × ρ × g.
What is upthrust?
An upward force on an object in a fluid due to pressure differences.
When does an object float in a fluid?
When upthrust equals its weight.
When does an object sink in a fluid?
When its weight is greater than the upthrust.
What is the upthrust on an object equal to?
The weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Why do denser fluids exert more pressure?
Because there is more mass in a given volume.
How can pressure be reduced?
By increasing the area over which a force is applied.
How can pressure be increased?
By decreasing the area or increasing the force.
