Forearm

Question 1

Body of radius ?

Answer 1

Border:anterior,posterior,interosseous
Surface:anterior,posterior,lateral
Structures:oblique line at the anterior surface and roughening at the middle part for attachment of pronator tres muscle

Question 2

Distal part of radius?

Answer 2

Lateral surface:styloid process
Posterior surface:dorsal tubercle (is like a قرقره for thumb extensor muscle )
Medial surface:ulnar notch
Looking from down to up :two articular facet;
Medial one :for lunate bone
Lateral one:for scaphoid

Question 3

Body of ulna?

Answer 3

Borders:anterior,posterior,interosseous
Surface:anterior,medial,posterior
Structures:anterior:roughening for attachment of probator quadratus
Posterior:lines for attachment of muscles

Question 4

Distal portion of ulna?

Answer 4

A round head with ulnar styloid process at the medial part

Question 5

Distal radial ulnar joint?

Answer 5

Lets radius move forward and medial

A triangular artcular disc divides this joint from carpal bones

Question 6

Interosseous memb?

Answer 6

At superior part has a window and at posterior part has an oval apeture (for passage of elements from anterior compartment to posterior
Collagen fibers orientation:jibi

Question 7

What keeps forearm bones together while supination and pronation?

Answer 7

Radial anular ligament
Interosseous memb
Articular disc in distal radiulnar joint

Question 8

Which muscles cause supination in wrist joint(hand)?

Answer 8

Biceps brachi and supinator

Question 9

What muscles cause pronation of hand?

Answer 9

Pronator tres and probator quadratus

Question 10

Pronator tres ?

Answer 10

Origin:medial epicondyl
Insertion:lateral surface of radius

Question 11

Pronator quadratus?

Answer 11

Between ulna and radius bone

Question 12

What is the main function of anterior compartment muscles?

Answer 12

Movment of wrost joint and flexion of digits and pronation

Question 13

Nervation of anterior compartment of arm ?

Answer 13

Median nerve (be gheyr az flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of deep flexor of digits )

Question 14

What are superficial muscles of anterior compartment of fore arm?

Answer 14

Pronator tres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 15

Flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 15

Origin:humeral head:medial epicondyl
Ulnar head:olecranon and posterior surface of ulna
Insertion:pisiform bone then with pisiohamte and pisiometacarpal ligament attaches to hamate and metacarpal 5
Nerve:ulnar nerve (which passes from middle of two heads of this muscle )
Work:flexion and adduction of wrist joint

Question 16

Palmaris longus?

Answer 16

Origin:medial epycondil
Insertion:palmar aponeurosis
Nerve:median nerve
Work:flexion of wrist joint and contraction of muscle while holding something

Question 17

Flexor carpi radialis mucle?

Answer 17

Origin:medual epicondyl
Insertion:metacarpal bones 2 and 3
Nerve:median nerve
Work:flexion and abduction of wrist joint

Question 18

Pronator tres muscle ?

Answer 18

Origin:humeral:medial epicondyl
And suprasnpicondylar crest
Ulnar:medial part of conoid process 
Nerve:median nerve
Work:pronation of wrist joint

Question 19

What is the musce of intermediate layer of anterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 19

Flexor digitrum superficialis

Question 20

Flexor digitrum superficialis?

Answer 20

Orgin:humeral head:medial epicondyl
Radial head:onlique line
Ulnar artery and median nerve pass between these two heads
Insertion:4 tendon that attach to palmar surface of medial phalanx of index middle ring and small finger
Nerve:median nerve
Work:flexion of metacarpophalangial and proximal interphalangial joint and flexion of wrist joint

Question 21

Miscles of deep layer of anterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 21

Flexor digitrum profundus
Flexor pollicia longus
Pronator quadratus

Question 22

Flexor digitrum profundus?

Answer 22

Origin:ulnar head:anterior and posterior surface of ulna
Inter osseous memb head
Insertion:4 tendon which attach to distal phalanx of index and middle and ring and small finger
Nerve:index and middle : anterior interosseous nerve(from median nerve)
Ring and small :ulnar nerve
Work:flexion of metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal and wrist joint

Question 23

Flexor policis longus?

Answer 23

Origin: anterior surface of radius and radial half of inter osseous memb
Insertion:distal phalanx of thumb
Nerve :anterior interosseous artery
Work:flexion of distal interphalangeal and metacarpo phalangeal joint

Question 24

Probator quadratus?

Answer 24

Origin:a tuberosity on the anterior surface of distal ulna
Insertion:anterior part of distal radius
Nerve:anterior interosseous artey
Work:pronation of wrist joint

Question 25

Radial artery braches?

Answer 25

Recurrent radial artery Carpal palmar artery Superfucial palmar artery (which gives anastomoses with superficial palmar arch of ulna)

Question 26

Radial artery feeds which parts of hand?

Answer 26

Thumb and lateral part of index finger

Question 27

Branches of upnar artery in hand and forearm?

Answer 27

Recurrent ulnar common interosseous Carpal palmar Branches to prepheral muscles

Question 28

Posterior compartment of fore arm nerve?

Answer 28

Radial nerve

Question 29

Superficial muscles of posterior compartment of forearm?

Answer 29

``` Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitrum Extensor digitiminimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Oncaneous ```

Question 30

Brachioradialis muscle?

Answer 30

Origin:lateral supraepicondyl Insertion:distal portion of radius near styloid process Nerve:radial Work:flexion of elbow joint while midpronation of forearm

Question 31

Extensor carpi radialis?

Answer 31

Origin:supraepicondylar creat and lateral epicondyl Insertion:metacarp 2 Nerve:radial nerve (taghsim nashode) Work:extension and abduction of wrist joint

Question 32

Extensor carpi radialis brevis ?

Answer 32

Origin:lateral epicondyl Insertion:metacarp 2 and 3 Nerve:deep branch of radial nerve Work:extension and abduction of wrist joint

Question 33

Extensor digitrum?

Answer 33

Origin:lateral epicondyl Insertion:middle and distal phalanges of 4 fingers Nerve:posterior inter osseous nerve (haman deep radial nerve) Work:main extensor of fingers

Question 34

Extensor digiti minimi?

Answer 34

Origin:lateral epicondyl Insertion:kolahake extensor small finger Nerve:posterior interosseous nerve Work:extension of small finger

Question 35

Extensor carpi ulnaris ?

Answer 35

Origin:lateral epicondyl Insertion:5th metacarp Nerve:posterior inter osseous nerve Work:extension and abduction of wrist joint

Question 36

Anconeous?

Answer 36

Origin:lateral epicondyl Insertion:posterior and lateral surface of olecranon and ulna Nerve:radial branch which goes to triceps brachii Work:abduction of ulna at pronation and extensor of wrist joint

Question 37

Mucles of deep layer of posterior compartment of fore arm?

Answer 37

``` Supinator Abductor pollecis longus Extensor pollecis brevis Extensor pollecis longus Extensor indissis ```

Question 38

What gives nerves to all muscles of deep layer of posterior compartment of fore arm?

Answer 38

Posterior inter osseous nerve

Question 39

Supinator?

Answer 39

Orgin:two head:superficial:lateral epicondyl and anal ligameny and radial collateral ligament Deep head:supinator crest on ulnar head Insertion : superior part of oblique line on radius Nerve:deep branch of radial Work:supination of forearm and hand

Question 40

Abductor pollecis longus?

Answer 40

Origin:posterior surface of ulna and radius and inter osseous memb Insertion:metacarp 1 Nerve:posterior inter osseous Work:abduction of thimb in metacarpo carpal joint (metacarp 1 and trapezium)

Question 41

Extensor pollecis brevis?

Answer 41

Origin:radius and interosseous memb Insertion:proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve:posterior interosseous memb Work:extension of carpometacarpal and metacarpo phalangeal joint

Question 42

Extensor pollecis longus?

Answer 42

Origin:ulna and interosseous memb Insertion:distal phalanx of thumb(dore distal tubrcle of radius mizanad) Nerve:posterior inter osseous nerve Work:extension in all thumb joints

Question 43

Extensor indicis?

Answer 43

Origin:posterior surface of ulna and interosseous memb Insertion:proximal phalanx of index finger Nerve:posterior interosseous Work:extension of index finger