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MSK Week 2 > Forearm Anatomy > Flashcards

Forearm Anatomy Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

what connects the radius and the ulna?

A

interosseous membrane

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2
Q

in what direction do the collagen fibers of the interosseus membrane traverse?

A

from radius to ulna in a lateral to medial direction

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3
Q

what does the orientation of the interosseus membrane help with?

A

transferring forces from radius to ulna when you fall

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4
Q

what is the distal fracture of the radius named? what is it usually from?

A

Colles fracture from falling

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5
Q

what is the displacement of the radius that occurs in a colles fracture? what is another name for this?

A

displaced dorsally and called the dinner form deformity

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6
Q

how many phalange bones are there?

A

14

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7
Q

where is the cubital fossa? what is it?

A

triangular depression anterior to elbow

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8
Q

what goes through the cubital fossa?

A

brachial artery and median nerve

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9
Q

name the fascia surrounding the forearm

A

antebrachial fascia

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10
Q

the antebrachial fascia thickens distally and forms an anterior and posterior ligament…name the anterior ligament

A

palmar carpal ligament

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11
Q

the antebrachial fascia thickens distally and forms an anterior and posterior ligament…name the posterior ligament

A

extensor retinaculum

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12
Q

distal to the palmar carpal ligament and slightly deeper is another important ligament…what is its name?

A

flexor retinaculum

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13
Q

what does the flexor retinaculum form?

A

the roof of the carpal tunnel

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14
Q

name the two forearm muscles not located posteriorly that the radial nerve innervates

A

brachioradialis and supinator

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15
Q

what is origin and insertion of the brachioradialis

A

brachium and radius

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16
Q

what is action of the brachioradialis

A

flexor of the arm

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17
Q

what is action of the supinator?

A

supinate the forearm

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18
Q

do the anterior muscles of the arm lead to pronation or supination?

A

pronation

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19
Q

do the posterior muscles of the arm lead to pronation or supination?

A

supination

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20
Q

name the five superficial anterior flexor/pronators of the forearm

A 
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris 
flexor digitorum superficialis
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21
Q

where do all the anterior flexor/pronators of the forearm originate?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

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22
Q

inflammation of the medial epicondyle is commonly called what?

A

golfers elbow cause using pronators and flexors of the wrist too much

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23
Q

what nerve innervates the pronator teres?

A

median nerve

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24
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?

A

median nerve

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25
what nerve innervates the palmaris longus?
median nerve
26
what nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?
ulnar nerve
27
what nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?
median nerve
28
name the three deep flexor/pronators of the forearm
flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
29
what is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?f
flex the thumb
30
what nerve innervates the flexor pollicis longus?
anterior interosseus nerve
31
what nerve innervates the pronator quadratus?
anterior interosseus nerve
32
what nerve innervates the lateral 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus?
anterior interosseus nerve
33
what never innervates the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus?
ulnar nerve
34
what is the anterior interossesus nerve a branch from?
median nerve
35
name the two main pronators of the forearm
pronator teres | pronator quadratus
36
which of the pronator muscles initiates pronation and which makes it faster?
pronator quadratus initiates and teres makes it faster
37
what are the nerve roots of the anterior interosseus nerve that innervates the pronator quadratum?
C8 and T1
38
what are the nerve roots of the median nerve that innervate the pronator teres?
C6 and C7
39
what nerve roots of the median nerve innervate the flexor digitorum superficialis?
C78T1
40
the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis insert into what phalange joint?
proximal interphalangeal joint
41
the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus insert into what phalange joint?
distal interphalangeal joint
42
the medial portion of the flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the ulnar nerve...what roots are involved?
C8 and T1
43
the lateral portion of the flexor digitorum profunda is innervated by the anterior interosseus nerve...what roots are involved?
C8 and T1
44
the medial portion of the flexor digitorum profundus controls what two fingers?
4 and 5
45
the lateral portion of the flexor digitorum profundus controls what two fingers?
2 and 3
46
where do most extensors of the wrist originate? what is inflammation of this spot called?
lateral epicondyle of the humerus...tennis elbow
47
name the three extensors of the wrist
extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris
48
the extensors of the wrist are innervated by what nerve? what are the roots?
radial...C678
49
name the three extensors of the digits
extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor indicis
50
the tendons of the extensors of the digits go where in the hand?
enter into the extensor expansion (hood) of the digits
51
explain what the extensor expansion (hood) is in the hand
long extensor tendons divide into a central band that inserts into the middle phalanx and then two lateral bands that insert into the distal phalanx...and tendon fibers from hand muscles merge with these
52
what does the extensor expansion help with?
fine movements of the hands
53
name the three extensorsabductors of the thumbs
abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus
54
what do the boundaries of the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor pollicis brevis form?
boundaries of the anatomical snuff box
55
what two things are within the anatomical snuff box?
radial artery and scaphoid bone
56
name two common sites for synovial cysts in the wrist
on the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons
57
name the two branches of the radial nerve in the antebrachium
superficial branch and deep branch
58
what is the role of the superficial branch of the radial nerve in the antebrachium?
cutaneous sensory to a portion of the lateral dorsal hand
59
what muscle does the deep branch of the radial nerve penetrate?
supinator
60
after penetrating the supinator muscle, what is the deep branch of the radial nerve called?
posterior interosseus nerve
61
what two muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate in the forearm?
flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus
62
the ulnar nerve has cutaneous branches that give sensory to what portion of the arm?
medial aspect of the hand
63
where does the ulnar nerve pass through to get into the hand?
canal of Guyon
64
where does the ulnar nerve pass through to get into the antebrachium?
posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus in the cubital tunnel
65
where is the canal of guyon located in the hand?
the medial aspect of the wrist
66
who commonly injures the canal of guyon? why?
cyclists because of the pressure they put on that part of the wrist when riding long distance
67
what are the branches of the median nerve in the antebrachium
small muscular branches and the anterior interosseus nerve
68
name the small cutaneous nerve that branches from the median nerve
palmar branch
69
where does the palmar branch of the median nerve provide sensation to on the arm?
lateral aspect of the hand
70
which of the radial and ulnar artery has branches?
ulnar
71
what are the branches of the ulnar artery?
common interosseus branch that then divides into the anterior and posterior interosseus arteries
72
name the two main ligaments surrounding the elbow joint
radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
73
what ligament does the radial collateral ligament blend with?
annular ligament of the radius
74
what does the proximal radioulnar joint allow for?
pronation and supination of the antebrachium
75
what ligament surrounds the proximal radioulnar joint?
annular ligament of the radius
76
what is nursemaids elbow?
when radius pops out of the proximal radioulnar joint and you have dislocation of the radius
77
the radiocarpal joint is an articulation between what two carpal bones and what antebrachium bone?
radius of the arm and scaphoid and lunate of the carpals
78
metacarpophlangeal joints are stabilized by what ligaments?
collateral ligaments
79
name the ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint that stabilizes between two phalanges
deep transverse metacarpal ligament branches and between two metacarpals and helps stabilize them
80
what is the anterior ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint?
palmar ligament (plate)
81
what is skiers/game keepers thumb?
when you rupture the ulnar collaterl ligament of the thumb
82
what is de quervians tenosynovitis?
inflammation of the tendons and synovial sheaths of the extensor pallicis brevis and abductor pallicis longus
83
what is another name for de quervians tenosynovitis?
moms/housewifes wrist
84
what is the test for de quervians tenosynovitis?
Finkelstein test
85
how do you do the finkelstein test for de quervians tenosynovitis??
thumb is flexed and wrist deviated to the ulnar side

MSK Week 2 (5 decks)

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