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MSK Week 2 > Hand Anatomy > Flashcards

Hand Anatomy Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

what plane does thumb flexion/extension occur in?

A

frontal

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2
Q

what plane does thumb adduction/abuction occur in?

A

sagittal

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3
Q

how many carpal bones are there

A

8

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4
Q

name the four proximal carpal bones from lateral to medial

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform

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5
Q

name the four distal carpal bones from lateral to medial

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

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6
Q

what carpal is most commonly fractured?

A

scaphoid

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7
Q

what carpal is most commonly dislocated?

A

lunate

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8
Q

what carpal is most commonly arthritic?

A

trapezium

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9
Q

what is the mnemonic for carpal bones?

A

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle

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10
Q

which metacarpal is most commonly fractured? what is the name for this fracture?

A

5th…boxers fracture

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11
Q

the antebrachial fascia continues as what in the medial palmar surface of the hand?

A

palmar aponeurosis

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12
Q

the palmar aponeurosis has what to divide the hand?

A

septum of the palmar aponeurosis divide the hand into compartments

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13
Q

name the five compartments of the hand

A 
hypothenar
thenar
central
adductor
interosseus
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14
Q

what do the septum dividing the compartments of the hand limit in the hand?

A

spread of infection

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15
Q

the base of the palmar aponeurosis turns into what at the digits?

A

fibrous digital sheaths for each finger

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16
Q

what three things do fibrous digital sheaths enclose?

A

FDS and FDP tendons and synovial sheaths

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17
Q

what are the ligaments that compose the fibrous digital sheaths?

A

annular and cruciform ligaments

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18
Q

annular ligaments form what shape around the FDP/FDS tendon and snynovial sheaths?

A

a circular ring structure

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19
Q

cruciform ligaments form what shape around the FDP/FDS tendon and snynovial sheaths?

A

a cross structure

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20
Q

explain how we develop a trigger finger

A

trauma/inflammation along the tendons of the FDS/FDP lead to a nodule that can get stuck as it goes through the annular ligaments of the fibrous digital sheath

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21
Q

what is another name for trigger finger?

A

stenosing tenosynovitis

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22
Q

what two fingers commonly get stenosing tenosynovitis?

A

ring finger and thumb

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23
Q

what are the synovial tendon sheaths?

A

tubular envelopes surrounding the FDS and FDP tendons of the digits…it is within the fibrous digital sheath

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24
Q

what is inflammation of synovial tendon sheaths called?

A

tenosynovitis

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25
where is the hypothenar compartment located in the hand?
medial portion
26
what do the muscles of the hypothenar compartment control?
movement of the 5th finger
27
name the three muscles of the hypothenar compartment
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis opponen digiti minimi
28
what nerve innervates the muscles of the hypothenar compartment?
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
29
what roots innervate the muscles of the hypothenar compartment?
c8 and t1
30
where is the thenar compartment of the hand?
thumb
31
what is the main action that the thenar compartment is responsible for?
opposition of the thumb
32
name the three muscles of the thenar compartment of the hand
abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicic brevis opponens pollicis
33
what is the only muscle that can oppose the thumb?
opponens pollicis
34
what nerve innervates the muscles of the thenar compartment?
recurrent branch of the median nerve
35
what roots innervate the muscles of the thenar compartment?
C8 and T1
36
what nerve innervates the abductor pollicis brevis?
recurrent branch of median nerve
37
what nerve innervates the flexor pollicis brevis?
recurrent branch of median nerve
38
what nerve innervates the opponens pollicis?
recurrent branch of the median nervre
39
where is the adductor compartment of the hand located?
just medial to the thenar compartment but deep
40
what is the role of the muscles of the adductor compartment of the hand?
adduction of the thumb
41
name the muscle in the adductor compartment of the hand
adductor pollicis
42
what nerve innervates the adductor pollicis?
deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8T1)
43
where is the central compartment of the hand located?
just beneath the palmar aponeurosis
44
name the three structures that are in the central compartment of the hand
long flexor tendons of the FDS and FDP neurovasculature structures of the hand lumbrical muscles
45
what do the lumbrical muscles originate from?
the FDP tendons in the hands
46
where do the lumbrical muscles insert?
lateral sides of the extensor expansion (hood) on digits 2-5
47
what are the two actions of the lumbrical muscles?
flex the metacarpophalnageal joint and extend the interphalangeal joints
48
what two muscles of the hand help form the extensor expansion?
lumbrical and interossei
49
the lateral two lumbricals are innervated by what nerve? roots?
median C8T1
50
the medial two lumbricals are innervated by what nerve? roots?
ulnar nerve C8T1
51
where is the interosseus compartment located in the hand/
between the metacarpal bones
52
what muscle group is in the interosseus compartment of the hand?
interossei muscles
53
name the two groups of interossei muscles
palmar and dorsal
54
palmar interossei muscles help with what movement?
adduction digits 2-5 to axial line of middle digit
55
dorsal interossei muscles help with what movement?
abduction digits 2-5 away from axial line of middle digit
56
where do interossei muscles origin and insert?
origin on shafts of metacarpals and insert into the extensor expansion
57
what nerve innervates all the interossei muscles? what roots?
deep branch of the ulnar nerve C8 and T1
58
name the three flexor muscles of the hand that are extrinsic and must traverse under the flexor retinaculum
flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profunda flexor pollicis longus
59
carpal tunnel has passage for what structures?
9 tendons from the muscle that pass under the flexor retinaculum and the median nerve
60
the median nerve provides sensation to what portion of the hand?
lateral portion of the palmar aspect
61
what is branch of the median nerve that arises just proximal to the carpal tunnel?
palmar carpal branch
62
what does the palmar carpal branch provide sensation to?
central palm area
63
what is the branch of the median nerve that arises just after it comes out of the carpal tunnel?
recurrent branch
64
what is the branch of the median nerve other than the recurrent branch that arises after it comes out of the carpal tunnel?
common digital nerve
65
what does the common digital nerve of the median nerve become?
proper digital nerves
66
what digits does the median nerve proper digital branches provide sensation to?
first 3.5 digits
67
so if a patient has impingment of the median nerve in carpal tunnel...what two symptoms can we see in the hand?
paraesthesia, anasthesia, hypoesthesia of lateral 3.5 digits AND motor loss of thenar muscles...inability to oppose thumb
68
what digits does the ulnar nerve provide sensation to?
the medial 1.5
69
what is the branch of the ulnar nerve that goes to the medial 1.5 digits?
common then proper digital branches
70
does the ulnar artery enter anterior or posterior to the flexor retinaculum?
anterior
71
name the two branches of the ulnar artery in the hand
superficial palmar arch | deep palmar branch
72
name the two branches of the radial artery that feed the index finger and the thumb
radial indicis and princeps pollicis arteries
73
the radial artery feeds what two fingers in the hands?
index and thumb
74
aside from the radial indicis and the princeps pollicips arteries, what is the other branch of the radial artery in the hand?
deep palmar branch
75
the deep palmar branch of the radial artery anastamoses with what artery?
deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery
76
the superficial palmar arch of the ulnar artery anastamoses with what?
a small superficial branch of the radial artery
77
so what happens if you cut circulation to the ulnar artery in the hand?
anastomoses have ya covered with the radial deep palmar branch and the superficial branch that meets the superficial palmar arch

MSK Week 2 (5 decks)

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