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Medical Anatomy- Spring > Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

The posterior compartment consists of what major movements?

A

Extension and supination

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2
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment are innervated by what nerve?

A

Radial Nerve

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3
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?

A

Bracheoradialis, Extensor Carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris

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4
Q

Which posterior superficial forearm muscles are attached by a common extensor tendon to lateral epicondyle

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris

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5
Q

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Holds tendons in place which prevents bowstringing during hyperextension

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6
Q

Identify this muscle: (posterior view)

A

Brachioradilais

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7
Q

Identify this muscle: (anterior view)

A

Brachioradialis

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8
Q

The brachioradialis forms of

A

lateral border of cubital fossa

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9
Q

Action of brachioradialis muscle

A

FLEXES forearm at elbow (exception muscle of posterior compartment). aka “handshake muscle”

Does not act on wrist joint

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10
Q

The brachioradialis is innervated by

A

Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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11
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

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12
Q

Action of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A
  • Extend and abduct wrist
  • Indispensible when clenching fist (longus)
  • Act with extensor carpi ulnaris to steady wrist during tight flexion of medial four digits
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13
Q

The Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis is innervated by

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

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14
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

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15
Q

Action of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A
  • Extend and abduct wrist
  • Indispensible when clenching fist (longus)
  • Act with extensor carpi ulnaris to steady wrist during tight flexion of medial four digits
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16
Q

The extensor carpi radialis longus is innervated by

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7)

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17
Q

The extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons are crossed by what muscles

A

Deep muscles (abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis)

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18
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor digitorum

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19
Q

Action of the extensor digitorum muscle

A

Principal extensor of the medial four digits at MCP

•Can help extend phalanges at IP joints via tendinous extensor expansions

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20
Q

The extensor digitorum muscle is innervated by

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

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21
Q

The extensor digitorum muscle splits into how many tendons at the extensor retinaculum?

A

4

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22
Q

How are the extensor digitorum tendons linked together?

A

Linked together by intertendinous connections

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23
Q

What is the function of intertendinous connections of the extensor digitorum tendons?

A

Restricts independent actions of fingers (especially ring finger); therefore, no digit can remain fully flexed as the other ones are fully extended

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24
Q

Identify the structure

A

Intertendinous connections of extensor digitorum

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25
Q

Distally, extensor digtorum tendons form over digits

A

extensor expansions “hood”

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26
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor digiti minimi

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27
Q

The belly of the extensor digiti minimi blends in with what muscle?

A

extensor digitorum

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28
Q

Does the tendon of the extensor digiti minimi run in the same compartment of the digitorum muscle?

A

No, number 5 in picture is extensor digiti minimi tendon and number 4 is the extensor digitorum muscle

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29
Q

Action of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Extends proximal phalanx of 5th digit at MCP joint & assists with extension of it’s IP joints

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30
Q

The extensor digiti minimi is innervated by what nerve?

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

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31
Q

What is this structure?

A

extensor tendon

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32
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

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33
Q

Action of the extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint when acting alone

Extends hand when acting with extensor carpi radialis

adducts hand when acting with flexor carpi ulnaris

indispensible when clenching fist

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34
Q

The extensor carpi ulanirs is innervated by what nerve?

A

Radial (C7, C8); because posterior compartment

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35
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?

A
  1. Abductor pollicis longus
  2. Extensor pollicis brevis
  3. Extensor pollicis longus
  4. Extensor indicis
  5. Supinator
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36
Q

What are the Outcropping muscles (muscles lie deep, but their tendons emerge superficially)

A
  1. Abductor pollicis longus
  2. Extensor pollicis brevis
  3. Extensor pollicis longus
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37
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Abductor pollicis longus

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38
Q

Describe the abductor pollicis longus muscle

A

Emerges at wrist superficially (covers tendons of extensor carpi radialis muscles)

Forms lateral side of snuff box

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39
Q

Action of the abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint

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40
Q

The abductor pollicis longus is innervated by

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

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41
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor pollicis brevis

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42
Q

Describe the extensor pollicis brevis

A

Emerges at wrist superifically (covers tendons of extensor carpi radialis muscles)

Lies on lateral side of snuff box

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43
Q

Action of the extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint and helps extend distal phalanx

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44
Q

innervation of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

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45
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor Pollicis Longus

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46
Q

Describe the extensor pollicis longus muscle

A

Forms medial side of snuff box

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47
Q

Action of the extensor pollicis longus muscle

A

Extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint, and, in continued action, extends the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

Also, adducts extended thumb & rotates laterally

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48
Q

Innervation of extensor pollicis longus muscle

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

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49
Q

The anatomical snuff box borders consists of what muscles?

A
  • Extensor pollicis longus (medial)
  • Extensor pollicis brevis (middle-ish)
  • Abductor pollicis longus (lateral)
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50
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor Indicis

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51
Q

Action of the Extensor Indicis muscle

A

Confers independence to index finger. Therefore, extensor indicis can act alone OR act with extensor digitorum to extend index finger at PIP (“pointing”)

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52
Q

Innervation of the Extensor Indicis muscle

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

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53
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Supinator

54
Q

Action of the supinator muscle

A

Prime mover for slow, unopposed supination esp. when forearm extended (rotates radius)

Does not act on wrist joint

55
Q

Innervation of supinator muscle

A

Radial nreve (C5, C6)

56
Q

Identify the nerve

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (motor) passes between muscle

57
Q

Sensory innervation of pink area what nerve?

A

Radial nerve

58
Q

Sensory innervation of purple area what nerve?

A

Medial Cutaneous nerve of forearm directly arises from medial cord

59
Q

Sensory innervation of green area what nerve?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve from Musculocutaneous nerve

60
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand consist of what four groups?

A
  1. Thenar muscles
  2. Adductor pollicis
  3. Hypothenar muscles
  4. Short muscles of hand
61
Q

Identify the muscle group

A

Thenar muscles

62
Q

The thenar muscle group consists of what muscles?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollici brevis, opponens pollicis

63
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

64
Q

Action of abductor pollicis brevis

A

abducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint & assist in opposition

most lateral muscle

65
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

66
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Flexor pollicis brevis

67
Q

Action of Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Flexes thumb at carpometacarpal & MCP joints & aids in opposition

most medial

68
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis brevis

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

69
Q

Identify the muscle

A

opponens pollicis

70
Q

Action of the opponens pollicis

A

Opposes thumb which is most important movement

located deep

71
Q

Innervation of the opponens pollicis

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

72
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Flexor pollicis brevis

73
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Adductor pollicis

74
Q

Describe the adductor pollicis

A

Lies deep, Fan-shaped

75
Q

Action of adductor pollicis

A

Adducts thumb (moves thumb to palm of hand); therefore, gives power to grip

76
Q

Adductor pollicis innervated by

A

Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

77
Q

Identify the muscle group

A

Hypothenar muscles

78
Q

The hypothenar muscles are all innervated by what nerve?

A

ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

79
Q

The thenar muscles are all innervated by what nerve?

A

median nerve (C8, T1)

80
Q

Identify the muscle

A

abductor digiti minimi

81
Q

Action of abductor digiti minimi muscle

A

Abducts 5th digit

82
Q

Abductor digiti minimi are innervated by

A

ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

83
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Flexor digiti minimi (brevis)

84
Q

Action of flexor digiti minimi (brevis)

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit at MCP joint

85
Q

Innervation of flexor digiti minimi (brevis)

A

ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

86
Q

Identify the muscle

A

opponens digiti minimi

87
Q

action of opponens digiti minimi

A

Draws 5th metacarpal bone anteriorly & rotates it laterally → deepening hollow of palm & bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb

88
Q

innervation of opponens digiti minimi

A

ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

89
Q

Identify the muscle group

A

Short muscles of the hand: Lumbricals

90
Q

The lumbricals consist of (describe muscles)

A

4 slender muscles that resemble worms (“lumbricus”= earthworm)

91
Q

Lumbricals attach to

A

Tendons of Flexor digitorum profundus

Lateral sides of extensor expansions, so it will extend the phalanges

92
Q

action of lumbricals

A

Flex digits at MCP joints & extends the IP joint

93
Q

Innervation of lumbricals?

A

Median (1st & 2nd) nerve –C8, T1

ulnar (3rd & 4th) nerve – C8, T1

94
Q

Identify the muscle group (anterior view)

A

3 palmar interosseous muscles

95
Q

Action of palmar interosseous muscles

A

Adducts digits PAD (palmar adduct

96
Q

Innervation of palmar interosseous muscles

A

Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

97
Q

Identify the muscle group (posterior view)

A

4 dorsal interosseous muscles

98
Q

action of dorsal interosseous muscles

A

Abducts digits DAB (dorsal abduct)

99
Q

Dorsal interosseous muscles are innervated by

A

Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

100
Q

Blue area indicates what sensory nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve

101
Q

Yellow area indicates what sensory nerve?

A

Median

102
Q

Pink area indicates what sensory nerve?

A

radial nerve

103
Q

What nerve is commonly injured where nerve passes posterior to medial epicondyle?

A

ulnar nerve

104
Q

Claw hand is an indication of injury to what nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve

105
Q

Describe claw hand

A

Ulnar nerve may be injured with fracture to medial epicondyle of humerus

unable to flex 4th and 5th digits at DIP

difficulty with extending phalanges fully

MCP joints hyperextended

106
Q

Pressure on the hook of hamate compresses what nerve?

Where is sensation lost?

A

Ulnar; sensory loss over medial half of hand and weak hand muscles

Handle bar neuropathy (extended hand against bike handle over long period of time)

107
Q
A
108
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Pronator teres

109
Q

Pronator teres innervated by

A

median nerve (C6, C7)

110
Q

Action of pronator teres

A

pronator of forearm and flexor of elbow joint

111
Q

Identify the muscle

A

flexor carpi radialis

112
Q

Flexor carpi radialis innervated by

A

median nerve (C6, C7)

113
Q

Action of flexor carpi radialis

A

Flexion and adduction of wrist

Alone flexes and adducts so wrist moves anterolaterally

114
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

115
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar nerve (C7, C8)

116
Q

Action of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Alone flexes & adducts wrist simulataneously

Flexes wrist with flexor carpi radialis

adducts wrist with flexor extensor carpi ulnaris

117
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Palmaris longus

118
Q

Innervation of palmaris longus

A

median nerve (C7, C8)

119
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

120
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

121
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)

122
Q

Action of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes middle phalanges of medial four digits at proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)

Also, in cont. action, flexes proximal phalanges at MCP joints and wrist joint

123
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Flexor digtorum profundus

124
Q

Action of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Only muscle that can flex DIP joints of digits

Flexes distal phalanges of medial four digits after flexor digitorum superficialis has flexed their middle phalanges “curls fingers”

assists with flexion of hand- “making fist”

125
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Lateral part (digits 2 & 3) median nerve (C8, T1)

Medial part (digits 4 & 5) ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

126
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Flexor pollicis longus

127
Q

Action of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes the distal phalanx of 1st digit (thumb) at IP joint

128
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

median nerve (C8, T1)

129
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Pronator quadratus

130
Q

Action of pronator quadratus

A

Pronates forearm

Initiates pronation; assisted by pronator teres when more speed or power needed

131
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus

A

median nerve (C8, T1)

Medical Anatomy- Spring (8 decks)

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