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Medical Anatomy- Spring > Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Forearm and Hand Flashcards

(131 cards)

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1
Q

The posterior compartment consists of what major movements?

A

Extension and supination

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2
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment are innervated by what nerve?

A

Radial Nerve

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3
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?

A

Bracheoradialis, Extensor Carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris

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4
Q

Which posterior superficial forearm muscles are attached by a common extensor tendon to lateral epicondyle

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris

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5
Q

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

A

Holds tendons in place which prevents bowstringing during hyperextension

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6
Q

Identify this muscle: (posterior view)

A

Brachioradilais

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7
Q

Identify this muscle: (anterior view)

A

Brachioradialis

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8
Q

The brachioradialis forms of

A

lateral border of cubital fossa

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9
Q

Action of brachioradialis muscle

A

FLEXES forearm at elbow (exception muscle of posterior compartment). aka “handshake muscle”

Does not act on wrist joint

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10
Q

The brachioradialis is innervated by

A

Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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11
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

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12
Q

Action of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A
  • Extend and abduct wrist
  • Indispensible when clenching fist (longus)
  • Act with extensor carpi ulnaris to steady wrist during tight flexion of medial four digits
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13
Q

The Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis is innervated by

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

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14
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

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15
Q

Action of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A
  • Extend and abduct wrist
  • Indispensible when clenching fist (longus)
  • Act with extensor carpi ulnaris to steady wrist during tight flexion of medial four digits
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16
Q

The extensor carpi radialis longus is innervated by

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7)

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17
Q

The extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons are crossed by what muscles

A

Deep muscles (abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis)

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18
Q

Identify the muscle: (posterior view)

A

Extensor digitorum

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19
Q

Action of the extensor digitorum muscle

A

Principal extensor of the medial four digits at MCP

•Can help extend phalanges at IP joints via tendinous extensor expansions

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20
Q

The extensor digitorum muscle is innervated by

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

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21
Q

The extensor digitorum muscle splits into how many tendons at the extensor retinaculum?

A

4

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22
Q

How are the extensor digitorum tendons linked together?

A

Linked together by intertendinous connections

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23
Q

What is the function of intertendinous connections of the extensor digitorum tendons?

A

Restricts independent actions of fingers (especially ring finger); therefore, no digit can remain fully flexed as the other ones are fully extended

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24
Q

Identify the structure

A

Intertendinous connections of extensor digitorum

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25
Distally, extensor digtorum tendons form over digits
extensor expansions "hood"
26
Identify the muscle: (posterior view)
Extensor digiti minimi
27
The belly of the extensor digiti minimi blends in with what muscle?
extensor digitorum
28
Does the tendon of the extensor digiti minimi run in the same compartment of the digitorum muscle?
No, number 5 in picture is extensor digiti minimi tendon and number 4 is the extensor digitorum muscle
29
Action of the extensor digiti minimi?
Extends proximal phalanx of 5th digit at MCP joint & assists with extension of it’s IP joints
30
The extensor digiti minimi is innervated by what nerve?
Radial nerve (C7, C8)
31
What is this structure?
extensor tendon
32
Identify the muscle: (posterior view)
Extensor carpi ulnaris
33
Action of the extensor carpi ulnaris
Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint when acting alone Extends hand when acting with extensor carpi radialis adducts hand when acting with flexor carpi ulnaris indispensible when clenching fist
34
The extensor carpi ulanirs is innervated by what nerve?
Radial (C7, C8); because posterior compartment
35
What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
1. Abductor pollicis longus 2. Extensor pollicis brevis 3. Extensor pollicis longus 4. Extensor indicis 5. Supinator
36
What are the Outcropping muscles (muscles lie deep, but their tendons emerge superficially)
1. Abductor pollicis longus 2. Extensor pollicis brevis 3. Extensor pollicis longus
37
Identify the muscle: (posterior view)
Abductor pollicis longus
38
Describe the abductor pollicis longus muscle
Emerges at wrist superficially (covers tendons of extensor carpi radialis muscles) Forms lateral side of snuff box
39
Action of the abductor pollicis longus
Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
40
The abductor pollicis longus is innervated by
Radial nerve (C7, C8)
41
Identify the muscle: (posterior view)
Extensor pollicis brevis
42
Describe the extensor pollicis brevis
Emerges at wrist superifically (covers tendons of extensor carpi radialis muscles) Lies on lateral side of snuff box
43
Action of the extensor pollicis brevis
Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint and helps extend distal phalanx
44
innervation of extensor pollicis brevis
Radial nerve (C7, C8)
45
Identify the muscle: (posterior view)
Extensor Pollicis Longus
46
Describe the extensor pollicis longus muscle
Forms medial side of snuff box
47
Action of the extensor pollicis longus muscle
Extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint, and, in continued action, extends the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints Also, adducts extended thumb & rotates laterally
48
Innervation of extensor pollicis longus muscle
Radial nerve (C7, C8)
49
The anatomical snuff box borders consists of what muscles?
* Extensor pollicis longus (medial) * Extensor pollicis brevis (middle-ish) * Abductor pollicis longus (lateral)
50
Identify the muscle: (posterior view)
Extensor Indicis
51
Action of the Extensor Indicis muscle
Confers independence to index finger. Therefore, extensor indicis can act alone OR act with extensor digitorum to extend index finger at PIP (“pointing”)
52
Innervation of the Extensor Indicis muscle
Radial nerve (C7, C8)
53
Identify the muscle: (posterior view)
Supinator
54
Action of the supinator muscle
Prime mover for slow, unopposed supination esp. when forearm extended (rotates radius) Does not act on wrist joint
55
Innervation of supinator muscle
Radial nreve (C5, C6)
56
Identify the nerve
Deep branch of radial nerve (motor) passes between muscle
57
Sensory innervation of pink area what nerve?
Radial nerve
58
Sensory innervation of purple area what nerve?
Medial Cutaneous nerve of forearm directly arises from medial cord
59
Sensory innervation of green area what nerve?
Lateral cutaneous nerve from Musculocutaneous nerve
60
Intrinsic muscles of the hand consist of what four groups?
1. Thenar muscles 2. Adductor pollicis 3. Hypothenar muscles 4. Short muscles of hand
61
Identify the muscle group
Thenar muscles
62
The thenar muscle group consists of what muscles?
Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollici brevis, opponens pollicis
63
Identify the muscle
Abductor pollicis brevis
64
Action of abductor pollicis brevis
abducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint & assist in opposition most lateral muscle
65
Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis
Median nerve (C8, T1)
66
Identify the muscle
Flexor pollicis brevis
67
Action of Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexes thumb at carpometacarpal & MCP joints & aids in opposition most medial
68
Innervation of flexor pollicis brevis
Median nerve (C8, T1)
69
Identify the muscle
opponens pollicis
70
Action of the opponens pollicis
Opposes thumb which is most important movement located deep
71
Innervation of the opponens pollicis
Median nerve (C8, T1)
72
Identify the muscle
Flexor pollicis brevis
73
Identify the muscle
Adductor pollicis
74
Describe the adductor pollicis
Lies deep, Fan-shaped
75
Action of adductor pollicis
Adducts thumb (moves thumb to palm of hand); therefore, gives power to grip
76
Adductor pollicis innervated by
Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
77
Identify the muscle group
Hypothenar muscles
78
The hypothenar muscles are all innervated by what nerve?
ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
79
The thenar muscles are all innervated by what nerve?
median nerve (C8, T1)
80
Identify the muscle
abductor digiti minimi
81
Action of abductor digiti minimi muscle
Abducts 5th digit
82
Abductor digiti minimi are innervated by
ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
83
Identify the muscle
Flexor digiti minimi (brevis)
84
Action of flexor digiti minimi (brevis)
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit at MCP joint
85
Innervation of flexor digiti minimi (brevis)
ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
86
Identify the muscle
opponens digiti minimi
87
action of opponens digiti minimi
Draws 5th metacarpal bone anteriorly & rotates it laterally → deepening hollow of palm & bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb
88
innervation of opponens digiti minimi
ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
89
Identify the muscle group
Short muscles of the hand: Lumbricals
90
The lumbricals consist of (describe muscles)
4 slender muscles that resemble worms (“lumbricus”= earthworm)
91
Lumbricals attach to
Tendons of Flexor digitorum profundus Lateral sides of extensor expansions, so it will extend the phalanges
92
action of lumbricals
Flex digits at MCP joints & extends the IP joint
93
Innervation of lumbricals?
Median (1st & 2nd) nerve –C8, T1 ulnar (3rd & 4th) nerve – C8, T1
94
Identify the muscle group (anterior view)
3 palmar interosseous muscles
95
Action of palmar interosseous muscles
Adducts digits PAD (palmar adduct
96
Innervation of palmar interosseous muscles
Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
97
Identify the muscle group (posterior view)
4 dorsal interosseous muscles
98
action of dorsal interosseous muscles
Abducts digits DAB (dorsal abduct)
99
Dorsal interosseous muscles are innervated by
Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
100
Blue area indicates what sensory nerve?
Ulnar nerve
101
Yellow area indicates what sensory nerve?
Median
102
Pink area indicates what sensory nerve?
radial nerve
103
What nerve is commonly injured where nerve passes posterior to medial epicondyle?
ulnar nerve
104
Claw hand is an indication of injury to what nerve?
Ulnar nerve
105
Describe claw hand
Ulnar nerve may be injured with fracture to medial epicondyle of humerus unable to flex 4th and 5th digits at DIP difficulty with extending phalanges fully MCP joints hyperextended
106
Pressure on the hook of hamate compresses what nerve? Where is sensation lost?
Ulnar; sensory loss over medial half of hand and weak hand muscles Handle bar neuropathy (extended hand against bike handle over long period of time)
107
108
Identify the muscle
Pronator teres
109
Pronator teres innervated by
median nerve (C6, C7)
110
Action of pronator teres
pronator of forearm and flexor of elbow joint
111
Identify the muscle
flexor carpi radialis
112
Flexor carpi radialis innervated by
median nerve (C6, C7)
113
Action of flexor carpi radialis
Flexion and adduction of wrist Alone flexes and adducts so wrist moves anterolaterally
114
Identify the muscle
Flexor carpi ulnaris
115
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
116
Action of flexor carpi ulnaris
Alone flexes & adducts wrist simulataneously Flexes wrist with flexor carpi radialis adducts wrist with flexor extensor carpi ulnaris
117
Identify the muscle
Palmaris longus
118
Innervation of palmaris longus
median nerve (C7, C8)
119
Identify the muscle
Flexor digitorum superficialis
120
Identify the muscle
Flexor digitorum superficialis
121
Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
122
Action of flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexes middle phalanges of medial four digits at proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) Also, in cont. action, flexes proximal phalanges at MCP joints and wrist joint
123
Identify the muscle
Flexor digtorum profundus
124
Action of flexor digitorum profundus
Only muscle that can flex DIP joints of digits Flexes distal phalanges of medial four digits after flexor digitorum superficialis has flexed their middle phalanges "curls fingers" assists with flexion of hand- "making fist"
125
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
Lateral part (digits 2 & 3) median nerve (C8, T1) Medial part (digits 4 & 5) ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
126
Identify the muscle
Flexor pollicis longus
127
Action of flexor pollicis longus
flexes the distal phalanx of 1st digit (thumb) at IP joint
128
Innervation of flexor pollicis longus
median nerve (C8, T1)
129
Identify the muscle
Pronator quadratus
130
Action of pronator quadratus
Pronates forearm Initiates pronation; assisted by pronator teres when more speed or power needed
131
Innervation of pronator quadratus
median nerve (C8, T1)

Medical Anatomy- Spring (8 decks)

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