Forearm and Hand

Question 1

3 Articulations at Elbow

Answer 1

• Humeroulnar(hinge)‐flexion/extension • Humeroradial(modifiedhinge)‐Flex/Ext;Sup/Pron • ProximalRadioulnar(Pivot)‐Supination/Pronation

Question 2

3 Primary Ligaments

Answer 2

• Anular • Radial Collateral • Ulnar Collateral

Question 3

N426

Answer 3

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Question 4

N428

Answer 4

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Question 5

Pronation and Supination in forearm

Answer 5

Pronation/supination occurs through proximal and distal radioulnar joints • Head of radius is proximal • Head of ulna is distal

Question 6

N445

Answer 6

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Question 7

Carpals

Answer 7

Proximal row • Scaphoid • Lunate • Triquetrum • Pisiform Distal row • Trapezium • Trapezoid • Capitate • Hamate (Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle)

Question 8

N442

Answer 8

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Question 9

Collateral Ligaments

Answer 9

The fibrous layer of each MC and IP joint capsule is strengthened by two (medial and lateral) collateral ligaments. These stabilize the joints and guard against excessive lateral deviation.

Question 10

Palmer Ligaments

Answer 10

•There is also a volar thickening of the joint capsule, the palmar ligaments (plates), which aid in centering the long flexor tendons and guard against hyperextension

Question 11

Adduction/Abduction @ CMC (thumb)

Answer 11

Question 12

Flexion/Extension @MNC/MP (thumb)

Answer 12

Question 13

Opposition at CMC Joint (thumb)

Answer 13

Question 14

Nursemaid’s Elbow

Answer 14

More prevalent in children

Question 15

Extensor/Supinator

Answer 15

• Posterior or dorsal compartment
• Arise from common extensor tendon at lateral epicondyle and posterior surface of radius and ulna

2 layers

Also brachioradialis & anconeus

Question 16

N434

Answer 16

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Question 17

N435

Answer 17

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Question 18

N431

Answer 18

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Question 19

N457

Answer 19

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Question 20

Anatomical Snuffbox Contents

Answer 20

• Radial nerve
• Cephalic vein
• Radial artery
• Scaphoid bone

Question 21

Extensor Expansion Mechanism

Answer 21

• The extensor hood is an elaboration of the extensor digitorum (ED) tendon on the dorsum of each proximal phalanx.
• Includes central and lateral components
• Non‐contractile
• When ED contracts, the hood is pulled proximally and extends the IPs

Question 22

N454

Answer 22

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Question 23

Presentation of intact and non-intact interossei and lumbricals

Answer 23

Question 24

Flexor/Protonator

Answer 24

• Anterior or volar compartment
• Arise from common flexor tendon at medial epicondyle and anterior surface of radius and ulna
• 3 layers

Question 25

N436

Answer 25

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Question 26

N437

Answer 26

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Question 27

N438

Answer 27

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Question 28

N433

Answer 28

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Question 29

N452

Answer 29

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Question 30

N449

Answer 30

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Question 31

N455

Answer 31

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Question 32

Dorsal vs. Palmar Interossei functions

Answer 32

Dorsal ‐4 ‐ ABduction ‐ Ulnar N. Palmar ‐3 ‐ ADduction ‐ Ulnar N. (DAB and PAD)

Question 33

Motor Innervations in the arm

Answer 33

• **Extensor/ Supinator** – radial nerve no exceptions • **Flexor/Pronator** – median nerve *except 1 1 ⁄2 ulnar muscles* ‐ *FCU, 1 ⁄2 FDP* • **Hand Intrinsics** – ulnar nerve *except Med LOAF or 1⁄2 LOAF*

Question 34

N403

Answer 34

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Question 35

N404

Answer 35

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Question 36

Compression Neuropathies

Answer 36

Question 37

N407

Answer 37

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Question 38

Function of Lymphatic System

Answer 38

* Returns extracellular fluids, plasma proteins, and cellular debris to the circulatory system * Production of lymphocytes (antibodies) for immune response and host defense * Important in metastatic disease and infection

Question 39

Types and Locations of Palsy's

Answer 39

Question 40

Urb Duchenne Palsy

Answer 40

Question 41

Dejerine‐Klumpke

Answer 41