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tudors - henry vii > Foreign policy > Flashcards

Foreign policy Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the kingdom of England during the 15th century

A

Recovering from war of roses
Few military resources + vulnerable to attack
Especially by france

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2
Q

Describe Duchy of Brittany

A

Independent Duchy in north western France during 1487
Ruled by Duke Francis II

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3
Q

Who was Anne of Beaujeu?

A

brother of Charles III who came to the throne

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4
Q

what did Anne of Beaujeu want?

A

wanted to recover Brittany back to the french crown

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5
Q

who was Duke Francis II

A

Duke of Brittany up until 1488

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6
Q

what were henry VIIs aims

A

-recognition of Tudor dynasty
- national security
- defending english trading links

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7
Q

why did it worry henry that france wanted to take brittany

A

henry believed coastline across the channel shouldnt be owned by one power - put south coast of england in weaker position

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8
Q

why did henry have obligations to brittany

A

because they helped him during his exile + gaining english crown

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9
Q

when did the breton crisis happen and what was it

A

1487, france invaded brittany

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10
Q

how much revenue did henry make from parliament for the breton crisis

A

£100,000

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11
Q

what support did henry get for the Breton crisis

A

from Maximilian I

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12
Q

what problem did Francis II have and how

A

wanted independence of Brittany but didnt have male heirs, only 2 daughters

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13
Q

why did France want Brittany?

A

because it would enhance their strategic capabilities + increasing power and potential to invade england

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14
Q

what were henry VIIs concerns with the Breton crisis

A

that france would invade england + become too powerful, and he owed debt of gratitude to Francis II

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15
Q

what were Henrys VIIs aims

A
  • ## acceptance to rule from other monarchs
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16
Q

what enemies did Henry VII build and when

A

1485 - France
1486 - Scotland
1487 - Habsburg Empire

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17
Q

what was the Treaty of Medina Del Campo

A
  • england + spain work together to defend their lands + promised not to make agreements with France
  • neither would harbour rebels
  • arthur + catherine of aragon to marry
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18
Q

when was treaty of medina del camp

A

1489

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19
Q

when did catherine of aragon and arthur marry

A

1501

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20
Q

what happened after arthurs death

A
  • weakened alliance between spain and england
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21
Q

who did henry start to support after Isabella in spain died

A

Philip of Burgundy and Joanna (Isabellas sister)

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22
Q

what was the Treaty of Windsor

A

secured english support for Joanna and Philip
secured trading links
intercursus malus

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23
Q

what was scotland like

A

had own parliament and monarchy
looked to france to preserve their independence

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24
Q

how did henry vii create peace between scotland and england

A

arranged three year truce with james III in 1486

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25
what happened with scotland 1488 and impact on england
james III assassinated - james IV relationship made worse between the countries
26
when did James IV allow perkin warbeck to cross the border
1496
27
how did England retaliate to perkin warbeck crossing into scotland
by invading scotland result: cornish rebellion
28
what impact did the cornish rebellion have on scotland and england
realised they needed truce signed treaty of ayton
29
when was treaty of ayton
1497
30
when was treaty of ayton turned into a formal treaty + new name
1502 treaty of perpetual peace margaret betrothed to James IV
31
what was the treaty of windsor
agreement between henry vii and philip duke of burgundy after he landed in england - included return of earl of suffolk - intercursus malus - secret treaty fo henry to protect netherlands while philip is absent in spain + assist him in conquering castile
32
when was the treaty of windsor
1506
33
what was the treaty of redon
- due to annexation of brittany into france - henry promised 6000 troops as long as bretons financed
34
why did the treaty of breton fail
maximilian was unreliable spain only sent 2000 troops bretons accept annexation by 1491 anne (duchess) married to charles 1491
35
when was the treaty of redon
1489
36
what were the causes of the treaty of etaples
- henry claimed french throne - charles viii offered peace terms: eager to conquer italian peninsula
37
what was intercursus magnus
- problems with margaret of burgundy supporting pretenders to the throne - good trading relations after trade embargo 1493 - she had to accept him as king of england
38
when was intercursus magnus
1496
39
causes of treaty of windsor
- philip of burgundy blown off course by storm - becomes prisoner - marriage between henry and his sister margaret of austria
40
who was earl of kildare
- in ireland - had many yorkist support
41
what did henry do with earl of kildare
using englishman to rule ireland backed by armed forces - appointed henry his son as lieutenant of ireland - by 1500, kildare became loyal
42
what was italian wars dilemma in england
- european attention shiftef to frances invasion of italy 1494 - henry debating whether he should get involved
43
why did henry think of not getting involved within the italian war of 1494
- threat of perkin warbeck - could be distraction for henrys rivals to support yorkist pretender
44
how did henry get involved in the italian wars
1496 - joined Holy League - pressured by ferdinand - henry was clear on no war with france (treaty of etaples)
45
what caused the castilian succession crisis
death of Isabella I of Castile Left to her daughter Joanna left to rule and inherited larger land seen as incapable of ruling Isabellas will recognised Joanna and her husband Philip as rulers, but ferdinand of aragon (Isabellas husband) took claim to throne
46
why was there a link with the castilian succession crisis and england
links to betrothal of arthur and catherine of aragon 1489 wanted to strengthen alliance with spain, or prevent castile going under burgundian influence
47
what was henrys problems with the castilian succession crisis
whether to ally with philip of ferdinand has to maintain commercial links with burgundy - cloth trade philip more younger than ferdinand possible marriage between prince henry and philips daughter
47
who was Joannas husband
Archduke Philip - heir to holy roman empire and ruler of burgundy this meant castile would be absorbed into habsburg empire
48
why did henry want an alliance with philip more
- cloth trade - philip son of maximilian who was sheltering Edmund De la pole - wanted to persuade him to hand him over - more younger and less likely to die compared to ferdinand
49
what happened in the castilian crisis in winter of 1506
philip set sail for castilian crown in january hit by a storm and landed on english coast henry deciding how to treat philip
50
who did ferdinand form an alliance with in t he castilian crisis and how
Louis XII king of france Louis agreed due to fears of expansion of Habsburg dynasty in Treaty of Blois
51
why was there a raise for the castilian crown
ferdinand couldve forced the nobility to accept him
52
what was philip attempting to do in the race for the castilian crown
force nobility to accept him as ruler wanted to use french support
53
why did the tudor dynasty become insecure due to the castilian crisis
- death of arthur and collapse of aragon marriage - no promising marriages
54
when was the earl of suffolk handed over to henry vii
march 1506
55
what was henrys solution to the castilian crisis
- multiple marriage alliances - sparing earl of suffolks life - agreeing to recognise joanna and philip as joint rulers and funded their venture - intercursus malus which wasnt implemented because it was too harsh
56
what did ferdinand do when philip and joanna returned to castile
retired to aragon
57
when did philip of burgundy die + impact
1506 destabilised european alliances ferdinand resumed control of castile maximilian assumed regency of burgundy for his grandson charles
58
why did henry need marriage alliances after the castilian crisis
succession unsecured, needed to protect from invasions and pretenders
59
what were henrys attempts of marriage alliances after the castilian crisis
- marriage between mary (henrys daughter) and charles of burgundy - later called off - henry wanted marriage to joanna - ferdinand blocked this - attempts to renew henry and catherines marriage
60
what did louis xii , maximilian, and ferdinand form and how did this impact england
league of cambrai england excluded but didnt have to be involved in attacks to venice
61
why were there problems with scotland and henry
edward IV took berwick and dunbar, scots wanted it back had alliance with french, hostile to england, shelter for yorkist rebels
62
when was the castilian crisis
1504-1506

tudors - henry vii (6 decks)

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