Foreign policy Henry VII Flashcards by Kate M

What was the purpose of the treaty of Redon?

Tried to protect Brittany from France

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When was the Treaty of Redon?

1487

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Why was Henry determined to strengthen his links with Spain?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

international prestige

- security

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What was the first term of the treaty? (2)

The Treaty of Medina del campo

Ferdinand and Henry VII agreed mutual support to defend their countries against any enemy
Assurance that neither King would make any peace, alliance or treaty with France without the other’s agreement

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What was the second term of the treaty?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

Neither country would assist or harbour rebels or pretenders

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What was the third term of the treaty?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

Princess Catherine of Aragon would marry Prince Arthur of England

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Why did the first term not work?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

The Spanish did not honour their commitment to provide assistance in Brittany because Ferdinand and Isabella were preparing for their final attack on the Moors in Granada’

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Why did the second term not work?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

The on-going Perkin Warbeck saga threatened the Spanish marriage. The Spanish princess would not marry into a politically-unstable royal family.

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Why did the third term not work?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

There were endless arguments between Ferdinand and Henry about the size and payment schedules for Catherine’s dowry’

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When did Henry make a one-year truce with France?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

First few months of his reign

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When was the truce extended?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

Extended from 1486 to 1489

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Why was this truce significant?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

Henry had neutralised the main (but at this time not very serious) threat to his regime.

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What was fortunate about this for Henry?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

Regency government of France wanted to be assured of English neutrality while it sought to take over the duchy of Brittany

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What did the French believe would be an excellent idea? (Marriage)

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

Thought it would be an excellent idea for the young Charles VIII to marry Anne of Brittany

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Why was Brittany a threat to France over the years?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

Brittany tended to ally with England and France’s other enemy, Burgundy

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Why was the situation difficult for Henry?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

Spent time in exile in Brittany

- He did not wish to see the whole of the French coast across the Channel from England fall into the French hands

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What was the commercial treaty with Brittany in 1486 and the Treaty of Redon - Feb 1489?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

Commercial treaty - Brittany 1486
Francis II died in 1488 - Henry signs Treaty of Redon with the Breton gov promising medical aid to defend the duchy from French incursions

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What happened in April 1489?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

Henry despatched 6000 men (mainly archers) to aid the Bretons

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Did the archers led by Daubeney have a significant effect?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

Helped to defeat the French at Dixmude in June 1489
Yet, French were not seriously molested and soon bought off Maximilian von Hasburg, ruler of Low countries
Miximilian von Hasburg joined forces in support of Brittany

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What was the consequence of Maximilian leaving?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

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Henry knew he had to concede

What happened in December 1491?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

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Charles VIII of France married Anne of Brittany and the duchy was actually (but not formally) annexed by France

What did this all show about Henry?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

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Underlined England’s military weakness

- It would be too dangerous to anntagonnise France too much by giving aid to a lost cause, Brittany

What happened on October 1492?

Invasion of France, 1492

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Henry led a large army of 26,000 men, which landed in Calais (England’s last possession on the Continent)
They proceeded to advance on the port of Boulognne annd thenn laid seige to it

What was the cause of war?

Invasion of France, 1492

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The appearance of Perkin Warbeck in 1491

- The welcome he received at the French court.

Why did the French welcome Perkin Warbeck? Invasion of France, 1492

- French gov welcomed Warbeck as though he were Richard IV | - Allowed him to live honourably at court

What did Polydore Vergil suggest the real motive was? Invasion of France, 1492

- Financial - Henry’s greed for money had led him to emulate Edward IV’s invasion of France in 1475 to re-secure the French pension granted to Edward but which had lapsed since his death

Why was Henry lucky that France offered terms quickly? Invasion of France, 1492

- Late in the campaigning season - Doubtful whether the English would have been able to take Boulongne - If they did take Boulogne they might have been concerned at the spiralling costs involved in maintaining it - The same problem occurs with Henry VIII - outcome = humiliatinng sale of the port back to France by Duke of Northumberlannd

What was the Treaty of Etaples? Treaty of Etaples, 1492 (France)

Peace treaty drawn up by both sides at Etaples in 1492, Henry was paid off by the French

What did the French pay for? Treaty of Etaples, 1492 (France)

- They paid his expenses in launching the invasion | - Restored the pennsion paid to Edward IV, which amounted to some £12,500 each year for the next 15 years

What did the French promise to do? Treaty of Etaples, 1492 (France)

- Abandon Perkin Warbeck | - Would no longer support pretenders to the English throne in the future

What did Henry acknowledge? Treaty of Etaples, 1492 (France)

- Acknowledged that Brittany was now part of France | - England must face a potentially hostile coastline from Calais westward.

What did it do? Intercursus Magnus, 1496 (Burgundy)

- Set down that English merchants could export to any part of the Duke of Burgundy’s lands apart from Flanders - Merchants would be put in place for the resolution of disputes

Who confirmed it in 1499? Intercursus Magnus, 1496 (Burgundy)

Philip of Burgundy

What did it prove to be? Intercursus Magnus, 1496 (Burgundy)

A solid basis for trading relationships from that point

Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland) What did it achieve?

This brought the war with Scotland to an end

When did it mature into full peace? Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

In 1502 Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

What happened? Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland) Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

Henry married his eldest daughter Maragaret to James IV, 1503

Was it a success? Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland) Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

- Yes | - Relations with Scotland became secure and settled for many years to come

When was the Spanish marriage agreed in a marriage treaty? Marriage of Arthur and Catherine, 1501 (Spain)

1499

When was Arthur and Catherine married? Marriage of Arthur and Catherine, 1501 (Spain)

1501

What endangered the Anglo-Spanish alliance? Death of Arthur, 1503 (Scotland)

Prince Arthur’s death

What did Henry propose instead? Death of Arthur, 1503 (Scotland)

Henry proposed that Catherine should marry Prince Henry

Why did Ferdinand resist Henry’s proposal?

1. He was holding out for better terms | 2. He did not need the English alliance at a time when Spanish relations with France were improving

What is it? Intercursus Malus, 1506 (Burgundy)

- Trade agreement from 1506 - Treaty never became fully operative and by the following year trading relationships had been restored on the basis of intercursus magnus

What did it mean? Intercursus Malus, 1506 (Burgundy)

- Extorted from Philip as a result of his weakness in 1506 - Treaty never became fully operative and by the following year trading relationships had been restored on the basis of Intercurses Magnus - Restored trade relations between England and Burgundy

Who signed the treaty? Treaty of Windsor, 1506 (Burgundy)

Henry VII and Joanna and Philip of Burgundy

What cirmustances led to the possibility of the Treaty of Windsor?

As Joanna and Philip of B set sail for Spain in 1506 they were forced to take refuge in England when their ship was wrecked at sea

Terms? Treaty of Windsor, 1506 (Burgundy)

- the Intercursus Malus - the return of the Earl of Suffolk - a proposed marriage alliance for Henry VII and Philip's sister, Archduchess Margaret - Henry's recognition of Joanna and Philip as rulers of Castile

What did the return of the Earl of Suffolk in the Treaty of Windsor do? Treaty of Windsor, 1506 (Burgundy)

Further securing Henry’s dynasty

Foreign policy Henry VII Flashcards

(49 cards)