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Tudors > Foreign policy Henry VII > Flashcards

Foreign policy Henry VII Flashcards

1
Q

What was the purpose of the treaty of Redon?

A

Tried to protect Brittany from France

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2
Q

When was the Treaty of Redon?

A

1487

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3
Q

Why was Henry determined to strengthen his links with Spain?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

A
  • international prestige

- security

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4
Q

What was the first term of the treaty? (2)

The Treaty of Medina del campo

A
  • Ferdinand and Henry VII agreed mutual support to defend their countries against any enemy
  • Assurance that neither King would make any peace, alliance or treaty with France without the other’s agreement
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5
Q

What was the second term of the treaty?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

A

Neither country would assist or harbour rebels or pretenders

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6
Q

What was the third term of the treaty?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

A

Princess Catherine of Aragon would marry Prince Arthur of England

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7
Q

Why did the first term not work?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

A

The Spanish did not honour their commitment to provide assistance in Brittany because Ferdinand and Isabella were preparing for their final attack on the Moors in Granada’

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8
Q

Why did the second term not work?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

A

The on-going Perkin Warbeck saga threatened the Spanish marriage. The Spanish princess would not marry into a politically-unstable royal family.

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9
Q

Why did the third term not work?

The Treaty of Medina del campo

A

There were endless arguments between Ferdinand and Henry about the size and payment schedules for Catherine’s dowry’

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10
Q

When did Henry make a one-year truce with France?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A

First few months of his reign

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11
Q

When was the truce extended?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A

Extended from 1486 to 1489

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12
Q

Why was this truce significant?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A

Henry had neutralised the main (but at this time not very serious) threat to his regime.

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13
Q

What was fortunate about this for Henry?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A

Regency government of France wanted to be assured of English neutrality while it sought to take over the duchy of Brittany

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14
Q

What did the French believe would be an excellent idea? (Marriage)

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A

Thought it would be an excellent idea for the young Charles VIII to marry Anne of Brittany

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15
Q

Why was Brittany a threat to France over the years?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A

Brittany tended to ally with England and France’s other enemy, Burgundy

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16
Q

Why was the situation difficult for Henry?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A
  • Spent time in exile in Brittany

- He did not wish to see the whole of the French coast across the Channel from England fall into the French hands

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17
Q

What was the commercial treaty with Brittany in 1486 and the Treaty of Redon - Feb 1489?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A
  • Commercial treaty - Brittany 1486
  • Francis II died in 1488 - Henry signs Treaty of Redon with the Breton gov promising medical aid to defend the duchy from French incursions
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18
Q

What happened in April 1489?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A

Henry despatched 6000 men (mainly archers) to aid the Bretons

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19
Q

Did the archers led by Daubeney have a significant effect?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A
  • Helped to defeat the French at Dixmude in June 1489
  • Yet, French were not seriously molested and soon bought off Maximilian von Hasburg, ruler of Low countries
  • Miximilian von Hasburg joined forces in support of Brittany
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20
Q

What was the consequence of Maximilian leaving?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A

Henry knew he had to concede

21
Q

What happened in December 1491?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A

Charles VIII of France married Anne of Brittany and the duchy was actually (but not formally) annexed by France

22
Q

What did this all show about Henry?

Intervention in Brittany, 1486-1489

A
  • Underlined England’s military weakness

- It would be too dangerous to anntagonnise France too much by giving aid to a lost cause, Brittany

23
Q

What happened on October 1492?

Invasion of France, 1492

A
  • Henry led a large army of 26,000 men, which landed in Calais (England’s last possession on the Continent)
  • They proceeded to advance on the port of Boulognne annd thenn laid seige to it
24
Q

What was the cause of war?

Invasion of France, 1492

A
  • The appearance of Perkin Warbeck in 1491

- The welcome he received at the French court.

25
Q

Why did the French welcome Perkin Warbeck?

Invasion of France, 1492

A
  • French gov welcomed Warbeck as though he were Richard IV

- Allowed him to live honourably at court

26
Q

What did Polydore Vergil suggest the real motive was?

Invasion of France, 1492

A
  • Financial
  • Henry’s greed for money had led him to emulate Edward IV’s invasion of France in 1475 to re-secure the French pension granted to Edward but which had lapsed since his death
27
Q

Why was Henry lucky that France offered terms quickly?

Invasion of France, 1492

A
  • Late in the campaigning season
  • Doubtful whether the English would have been able to take Boulongne
  • If they did take Boulogne they might have been concerned at the spiralling costs involved in maintaining it
  • The same problem occurs with Henry VIII - outcome = humiliatinng sale of the port back to France by Duke of Northumberlannd
28
Q

What was the Treaty of Etaples?

Treaty of Etaples, 1492 (France)

A

Peace treaty drawn up by both sides at Etaples in 1492, Henry was paid off by the French

29
Q

What did the French pay for?

Treaty of Etaples, 1492 (France)

A
  • They paid his expenses in launching the invasion

- Restored the pennsion paid to Edward IV, which amounted to some £12,500 each year for the next 15 years

30
Q

What did the French promise to do?

Treaty of Etaples, 1492 (France)

A
  • Abandon Perkin Warbeck

- Would no longer support pretenders to the English throne in the future

31
Q

What did Henry acknowledge?

Treaty of Etaples, 1492 (France)

A
  • Acknowledged that Brittany was now part of France

- England must face a potentially hostile coastline from Calais westward.

32
Q

What did it do?

Intercursus Magnus, 1496 (Burgundy)

A
  • Set down that English merchants could export to any part of the Duke of Burgundy’s lands apart from Flanders
  • Merchants would be put in place for the resolution of disputes
33
Q

Who confirmed it in 1499?

Intercursus Magnus, 1496 (Burgundy)

A

Philip of Burgundy

34
Q

What did it prove to be?

Intercursus Magnus, 1496 (Burgundy)

A

A solid basis for trading relationships from that point

35
Q

Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

What did it achieve?

A

This brought the war with Scotland to an end

36
Q

When did it mature into full peace?

Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

A

In 1502

Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

37
Q

What happened?

Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

A

Henry married his eldest daughter Maragaret to James IV, 1503

38
Q

Was it a success?

Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

Truce of Ayton, 1497 (Scotland)

A
  • Yes

- Relations with Scotland became secure and settled for many years to come

39
Q

When was the Spanish marriage agreed in a marriage treaty?

Marriage of Arthur and Catherine, 1501 (Spain)

A

1499

40
Q

When was Arthur and Catherine married?

Marriage of Arthur and Catherine, 1501 (Spain)

A

1501

41
Q

What endangered the Anglo-Spanish alliance?

Death of Arthur, 1503 (Scotland)

A

Prince Arthur’s death

42
Q

What did Henry propose instead?

Death of Arthur, 1503 (Scotland)

A

Henry proposed that Catherine should marry Prince Henry

43
Q

Why did Ferdinand resist Henry’s proposal?

A
  1. He was holding out for better terms

2. He did not need the English alliance at a time when Spanish relations with France were improving

44
Q

What is it?

Intercursus Malus, 1506 (Burgundy)

A
  • Trade agreement from 1506
  • Treaty never became fully operative and by the following year trading relationships had been restored on the basis of intercursus magnus
45
Q

What did it mean?

Intercursus Malus, 1506 (Burgundy)

A
  • Extorted from Philip as a result of his weakness in 1506
  • Treaty never became fully operative and by the following year trading relationships had been restored on the basis of Intercurses Magnus
  • Restored trade relations between England and Burgundy
46
Q

Who signed the treaty?

Treaty of Windsor, 1506 (Burgundy)

A

Henry VII and Joanna and Philip of Burgundy

47
Q

What cirmustances led to the possibility of the Treaty of Windsor?

A

As Joanna and Philip of B set sail for Spain in 1506 they were forced to take refuge in England when their ship was wrecked at sea

48
Q

Terms?

Treaty of Windsor, 1506 (Burgundy)

A
  • the Intercursus Malus
  • the return of the Earl of Suffolk
  • a proposed marriage alliance for Henry VII and Philip’s sister, Archduchess Margaret
  • Henry’s recognition of Joanna and Philip as rulers of Castile
49
Q

What did the return of the Earl of Suffolk in the Treaty of Windsor do?

Treaty of Windsor, 1506 (Burgundy)

A

Further securing Henry’s dynasty

Tudors (5 decks)

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