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History - The Tudors - Elizabeth I > Foreign Relations: France > Flashcards

Foreign Relations: France Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What were relations like between England + France at the start of Elizabeth’s rule? Why?

A

Hostile

  • Elizabeth inherited a war
  • Traditional enemies (English saw France as their right)
  • Calais had been lost under Mary
  • Auld Alliance put pressure on England
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2
Q

What was Elizabeth’s approach to the Anglo-French War she inherited at the start of her rule?

A

Wanted to end it (unsuccessful + expensive)

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3
Q

What was France’s approach to the Anglo-French War Elizabeth inherited at the start of her rule?

A

Wanted to end it

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4
Q

What was England’s greatest loss in their war with France under Mary?

A

Calais

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5
Q

What treaty ended the Anglo-French War at the start of Elizabeth’s reign?

A

Treaty of Cateau Cambresis (1559)

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6
Q

What was the Treaty of Cateau Cambresis?

A
  • Peace treaty between England + France (end inherited war)
  • Agreement on Calais
    (France hold for 8 yrs + if peace maintained it would be returned to England or France would have to pay a pension of 500,000 crowns)
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7
Q

What was the big event in France during Elizabeth’s reign?

A

French Wars of Religion (1562-1598)

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8
Q

What started the French Wars of Religion in 1562?

A

France had been unstable when Francis II died + Charles IX inherited with regent Catherine de Medici on throne

  • Guise family wanted power (Catholic)
  • Huguenots also wanted greater rights + freedom of worship
  • Catholic-Protestant conflict broke out that Catherine couldn’t placate
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9
Q

Who were the 2 sides in the French Wars of Religion?

A

1) Catholics (Guise faction)

2) Protestants (Huguenots)

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10
Q

After the Treaty of Cateau Cambresis, what broke the temporary peace between France + England?

A

Elizabeth doubted Calais would be restored after 8yrs, so broke the peace to become involved in France as she thought she could exploit the civil war weakness

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11
Q

What was the Treaty of Hampton Court (1562)?

A
  • Elizabeth + Huguenot leader (Louis de Bourbon)
  • Elizabeth gave: forces to aid them in French Wars of Religion, beginning with Le Havre
  • Huguenots gave: promise to give England Calais when they won
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12
Q

Which side did Elizabeth support in the French Wars of Religion?

A

Protestant Huguenots

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13
Q

When was the Le Havre expedition?

A

1562

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14
Q

What happened in the Le Havre expedition?

A

Elizabeth provided Huguenots with: £30,000 loan + 6000 men (under Earl of Warwick) + together they temporarily gained control of Le Havre, but only for a year

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15
Q

Other than Le Havre, did Elizabeth fulfil her promise of helping the Huguenots win the First War of Religion?

A

No - did little else to help

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16
Q

Was the Le Havre expedition successful for Elizabeth?

A

No

  • French forces expelled English from Le Havre (1563 when the First War of Religion ended)
  • Elizabeth was not given Calais in return for her support of the Huguenots
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17
Q

What treaty finally gave up Calais after Le Havre?

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A

Treaty of Troyes (1564)

18
Q

What was the Treaty of Troyes (1564)?

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A

Between England + France

  • English officially gave up all rights to Calais
  • English received 120,000 crowns in return
19
Q

What were relations like between England + France at the end of the 1560s?

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A

Not good

  • Treaty of Cateau Cambresis had been broken
  • Elizabeth had formally lost Calais in the Treaty of Troyes after her failed intervention at Le Havre
20
Q

Why did Elizabeth want to improve relations with France in the late 1560s-1570s?

Study These Flashcards
A

Elizabeth was feeling increasingly threatened, so looked to France as a potential ally

  • Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England (1568)
  • Rebellion of Northern Earls (1569-70)
  • Excommunication of Elizabeth (1570)
  • Deteriorating relations with Spain
21
Q

What were the 2 main ways Elizabeth tried to improve relations with France in the 1570s?

Study These Flashcards
A

1) Marriage proposals (Duke of Alencon -> Anjou)

2) Treaty of Blois (1572)

22
Q

Who was the Duke of Alencon -> Anjou + why was Elizabeth involved in marriage proposals with him (1578-81)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Son of regent of France Catherine de Medici
  • Marriage negotiations acted as a way of improving relations (despite never being finalised)
  • Elizabeth seemed to actually like him (sent love letters + called him her ‘little frog’)
  • Ministers wanted her to marry after she was announced as fertile in 1579
23
Q

When did Elizabeth negotiate a potential marriage with the French Duke of Alencon -> Anjou?

24
Q

What name did the French Duke of Alencon change to?

25
What did Elizabeth nickname the Duke of Alencon -> Anjou?
Her ‘little frog’
26
Why was there disapproval of the marriage proposal between Elizabeth + the Duke of Alencon -> Anjou?
- Fears of a French heir to the throne | - Fears as he was a moderate Catholic
27
What was the Treaty of Blois (1572)?
Naval + military alliance between England + France (against the bigger Spanish threat)
28
What 2 events threatened the improvement of Anglo-French relations in and after the 1570s?
1) St.Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572) | 2) Treaty of Joinville (1584)
29
What was the St.Bartholomew’s Massacre (1572)?
- Catherine de Medici (regent) planned to assassinate Coligny (Huguenots’ leader) who she saw as too influential of her son (infant King Charles IX) - Plan taken up by Guise faction - Guise faction (Catholics) turned on all the Huguenots + massacred 13,000 (including commoners)
30
When was St.Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
1572
31
Why did St.Bartholomew’s Day Massacre threaten Anglo-French relations?
Elizabeth (head of a Protestant state) had just witnessed thousands of innocent Protestants being massacred in France
32
What was Elizabeth’s response to St.Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
Didn’t declare war on France (wanted to avoid conflict) Gave covert aid (money + weapons) to the Huguenots for the wars
33
When was the Treaty of Joinville?
1584
34
What was the Treaty of Joinville (1584)?
Between Henry of Guise (Head of Catholic League) + Philip of Spain Catholic League acknowledged Philip as their protector + allied with him to remove the Huguenots from France
35
What was the Catholic League?
Group formed by Henry of Guise in 1576 to try to prevent Henry of Navarre (a Huguenot) being the heir to the Henry III’s French throne
36
Why did the Treaty of Joinville threaten Anglo-French relations?
Elizabeth feared that if the alliance was successful in getting Catholics in power in France, France + Spain would team up to isolate England from foreign affairs and even maybe invade
37
Who was Henry of Guise?
Head of the Catholic League
38
What happened to the French succession in 1589?
King Henry III + Henry of Guise assassinated Allowed Henry of Navarre (Huguenot to become King)
39
What happened to foreign affairs after Henry of Navarre was crowned Henry IV in 1589?
- Philip invaded (kept to Treaty of Joinville) - Elizabeth sent troops to support France (1590-5) - Henry IV negotiated peace with Spain (1598)
40
How did Henry Navarre (Henry IV) change religion in France?
- Raised a Huguenot (Protestant) - Converted to Catholicism during reign + made France Roman Catholic - Declared a tolerance for Protestantism (Edict of Nantes - 1598)
41
What was the Edict of Nantes (1598)?
Henry IV’s declaration of a tolerance for Protestantism in Catholic France
42
How did relations with France end when Elizabeth’s reign ended?
Fairly good - Henry IV had introduced an acceptance towards Protestantism, removing the threat of a Catholic-fuelled invasion

History - The Tudors - Elizabeth I (6 decks)

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