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Forelimb Anatomy Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Identify the bones in the canine forelimb:

A
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2
Q

Identify the bones in the feline forelimb:

A
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3
Q

Identify the bones in the equine forelimb:
(ignore phalanges)

A
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4
Q

Identify the bones in the bovine forelimb:

A
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5
Q

Name numbers 1-8, the bony processes of the scapula:

A
  1. Supraspinous fossa
  2. Scapula spine
  3. Acromion
  4. Infraspinous fossa
  5. Supraglenoid tubercle
  6. Coracoid process
  7. Serrated face
  8. Subscapular fossa
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6
Q

Name numbers 9-22, the bony processes of the humorous:

A
  1. Glenoid cavity
  2. Greater tubercle
  3. Intertubercular groove
  4. Lesser tubercle
  5. Head
  6. Deltoid tuberosity
  7. Brachial groove
  8. Trees major tuberosity
  9. Lateral epicondyle
  10. Capitulum
  11. Trochlea
  12. Supratrochlear foramen
  13. Olecranon fossa
  14. Medial epicondyle
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7
Q

Name numbers 23-31, the bony processes of the ulna and radius:

A
  1. Articular circumference
  2. Neck
  3. Radial tuberosity
  4. Olecranon process!
  5. Coronoid process (lateral projection)
  6. Coronoid process (medial projection)
  7. Carpal articular surface
  8. Styloid process ulna
  9. Styloid process radius
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8
Q

Name the joints of the canine forelimb:

A
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9
Q

What are the layman terms for the following equine forelimb bones:
3rd Metacarpal
2nd + 4th Metacarpals
1st Phalanx
2nd Phalanx
3rd Phalanx

A

3rd Metacarpal = cannon bone
2nd + 4th Metacarpals = splint bones
1st Phalanx = long pastern bone
2nd Phalanx = short pastern bone
3rd Phalanx = coffin bone

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10
Q

Name the carpal, metacarpal and digital bones of this canines forelimb:

A
  1. radial carpal bone
  2. planar carpal bone
  3. accessory carpal bone
  4. first carpal bone
  5. second carpal bone
  6. third carpal bone
  7. fourth carpal bone
  8. first metacarpal bone
  9. second metacarpal bone
  10. third metacarpal bone
  11. fourth metacarpal bone
  12. firth metacarpal bone
  13. sesamoid bone
  14. dorsal sesamoid bones
  15. proximal sesamoid bones
  16. proximal phalanges (I - V)
  17. middle phalanges (II - V)
  18. distal phalanges (I - V)
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11
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the canine upper forelimb:

(ignore 14, 15)

A

12 - Trapezium
13 - Omotransverse
16 - Deltoid (2 parts)
17 - Brachialis
18 - Brachial triceps
19 - Deep pectoral
20 - Latissimus dorsi

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12
Q

Name the deeper muscles of the canine forelimb:

A

3 - Omotransverse
5 - Rhomboid
6 - Supraspinate
7 - Infraspinate
8 - Major teres
9 - Deltoid
10 - Brachial triceps
11 - Brachial
12 - Carpal + Digital extensor
13 - Carpal + Digital flexor
29 - Brachiocephalic
32 - Superficial pectoral
33 - Deep pectoral

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13
Q

Name the deep shoulder and arm muscles of the canine forelimb:

1 is lateral
2 is medial

(ignore 2, 8, 12, 14, 15)

A

1- Rhomboid
3- Latissimus dorsi
4- Deep pectoral
5- Supraspinate
6- Infraspinate
7- Major teres
9- Brachial triceps
a- long head
b- accessory head
c- medial head
10- Brachial
11- Brachial bicep
13- Subscapular

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14
Q

Name the muscles of the canine forearm and forefoot:

(ignore 2, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)

A

1 - Radial carpal extensor
3 - Common digital extensor
4 - Lateral digital extensor
5 - Lateral ulnar
6 - Long abductor of 1st digit
7 - Ulnar head of ulnar carpal flexor m.
8 - Humeral head of ulnar carpal flexor m.
10 - Superficial digital flexor
11 - Radial carpal flexor

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15
Q

For each joint, list and identify the major ligaments that act to provide support:

A
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16
Q

Muscle - Trapezium

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Occipital bone, nuchal ligament
I: spine of scapula, acromion process, lateral clavicle
C: Elevates and retracts scapula

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17
Q

Muscle - Omotransversarius

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Transverse process of cervical vertebrae/atlas
I: scapula spine
C: Pulls limb cranially

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18
Q

Muscle - Brachiocephalicus

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Occipital bone
I: deltoid tuberosity of humorous
C: Extends shoulder

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19
Q

Muscle - Rhomboideus

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Spine of thoracic vertebrae
I: Medial scapula border
C: Pulls scapula dorsally

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20
Q

Muscle - Latissimus dorsi

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
I: greater tuberosity of humorous
C: Adducts and extends shoulder

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21
Q

Muscle - Superficial Pectoral

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Sternum
I: Greater tubercle of humorous
C: Flexes shoulder, moves limb cranially

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22
Q

Muscle - Deep Pectoral

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Sternum
I: Lesser tubercle of humorous
C: Flexes shoulder, moves limb caudally

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23
Q

Muscle - Serratus ventralis

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Ribs
I: Medial border of scapula
C: Draws scapula cranially

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24
Q

Muscle - Supraspinatus

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder
O: Scapula supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of humorous
C: Abducts shoulder

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25
Muscle - Infraspinatus Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder O: Scapula infraspinous fossa I: Greater tubercle of humorous C: Lateral rotation of shoulder
26
Muscle - Subscapularis Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder O: Scapula subscapular fossa I: Lesser tubercle of humorous C: Medial rotation of shoulder
27
Muscle - Deltoideus Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder O: Spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle I: Deltoid tuberosity of humorous C: Abducts shoulder
28
Muscle - Teres major Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder O: Inferior angle of scapula I: Intertubercular groove of humorous C: Adducts + rotates shoulder
29
Muscle - Triceps brachii (lateral, medial, long) Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder + elbow extensor O: lateral - humorous lateral border, accessory - proximal caudal neck humorous, long - scapula caudal border I: all - olecranon C: extends elbow
30
Muscle - Biceps brachii (long, short) Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: flexor of elbow O: scapula greater tubercle I: radial and ulnar tuberosity C: flex elbow + extend shoulder
31
Muscle - Brachialis Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: flexor of elbow O: caudal neck humorous I: medial aspect of radius and ulna C: flex elbow
32
Muscle - Extensor carpi radialis Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: extensor of carpus and digits O: lateral epicondyle crest of humorous I: small tuberosity of metacarpals 2 + 3 C: extension of carpus and digits, flex elbow
33
Muscle - Common digital extensor Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: extensor of carpus and digits O: lateral epicondyle of humorous I: extensor process II-V C: extension of digits II-V and carpus
34
Muscle - Lateral digital extensor Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: extensor of carpus and digits O: lateral epicondyle of humorous I: extensor process II-V C: extension of digits II-V and carpus joint
35
Muscle - Extensor Carpi ulnaris Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: extensor of carpus and digits O: lateral epicondyle of humorous I: 5th metacarpal bone C: extension of carpus and digits
36
Muscle - Superficial digital flexor Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: flexor of carpus and digits O: Supracondylar tubercule of the humerus I: II - V metcarpophalangeal joints C: flexor of carpus and digits
37
Muscle - Deep digital flexor Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: flexor of carpus and digits O: Caudal aspect of radius and ulna I: Distal phalanges ll - V C: flexor of carpus and digits
38
Muscle - Flexor carpi ulnaris Functional group: Origin: Insertion: Contraction:
FG: flexor of carpus and digits O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and adjacent olecranon I: Accessory carpal C: flexor of carpus and digits
39
What are the nerves of the forelimb?
Suprascapular Subscapular Axillary Musculocutaneous Radial Median Ulnar
40
What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the suprascapular nerve?
C6 and 7 Supraspinate, infraspinate
41
What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the subscapular nerve ?
C6 and 7 Subscapular
42
What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the axillary nerve?
C7 and 8 Deltoid, teres major, minorteres, subscapular
43
What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve?
C6, 7 and 8 Brachia; biceps, coracobrachial, brachial mucles
44
What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the radial nerve?
C7, 8 and T1 Brachial triceps, radial carpal extensor, lateral ulnar, supinator, common and lateral digital extensors
45
What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the Median nerve?
C8, T1 and 2 Radial carpal flexor, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, pronator
46
What is the nerve roots and muscles supplied by the ulnar nerve?
C8, T1 and 2 Ulnar carpal flexor, deep digital flexor
47
Identify the nerves that supply muscles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10:
1. Suprascapular 2. Subscapular 3. Axillary 4. Musculocutaneous 5. Radial 6. Median 10. Ulnar
48
What nerve supplies sensation to the caudal forearm skin?
Caudal cutaneous antebrachial
49
What nerve supplies sensation to the medial forearm skin?
Medial cutaneous antebrachial
50
What nerve supplies sensation to the cranial forearm skin?
Cranial cutaneous antebrachial
51
What nerve supplies sensation to the lateral forearm skin?
Lateral cutaneous antebrachial
52
What nerve supplies sensation to the caudal forearm and palmar paw?
Median sensory branches
53
What nerve supplies sensation to the palmar paw?
Ulnar sensory branches
54
What nerve supplies sensation to the dorsal forearm and paw?
Superficial radial
55
Where do all nerves supplying the forelimb originate from?
The brachial plexus (last 3 cervical nerves - first 2 thoracic nerves)
56
What does injury to the radial nerve at the proximal end of the humerus cause? What does injury to the radial nerve at the region of the elbow cause?
Forelimb cannot give support to body a brachial triceps cannot extend the elbow Carpus and digits cannot extend so dog supports weight on dorsal surface of the forefoot
57
What are the main blood vessels that supply the limb? What are the main blood vessels that drain the limb?
Supply - Axillary + brachial arteries Drain - Brachial + Cephalic veins and Anterior Vena Cava
58
What is the blood vessel in the forelimb commonly used for venous access?
Cephalic vein
59
What muscles flex the shoulder? What muscles extend the shoulder?
Flex: superficial pectoral, deep pectoral Extend: brachiocephalicus, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii
60
What muscles flex the elbow? What muscles extend the elbow?
Flex: biceps brachii, brachialis, extensor carpi radialis Extend: triceps brachii
61
What muscles flex the carpus? What muscles extend the carpus?
Flex: flexor carpi ulnaris, deep digital flexor, superficial digital flexor Extend: extensor carpi ulnaris, lateral digital extensor, common digital extensor, extensor carpi radialis
62
What muscles flex the digits? What muscles extend the digits?
Flex: flexor carpi ulnaris, deep digital flexor, superficial digital flexor Extend: extensor carpi ulnaris, lateral digital extensor, common digital extensor, extensor carpi radialis
63
What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the femoral nerve?
NR = L 4, 5, 6 MG = sublumbar muscles and femoral quadriceps
64
What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the obturator nerve?
NR = L 4, 5, 6 MG = adductors of hip
65
What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the Gluteal nerve?
NR = L 6, 7 - S 1, 2 MG = flexor and extensor hip muscles
66
What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the tibial nerve?
NR = L 6, 7 - S 1, 2 MG = hamstring, gastrocnemius, popliteal, caudal crural
67
What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the peroneal nerve?
NR = L 6, 7 - S 1, 2 MG = femoral bicep, lateral digital extensor, dorsolateral muscles
68
Identify the nerves coloured in that supply muscles:
1. Femoral 3. Obturator 5. Gluteal 7. Sciatic 9, 10, 11. Peroneal 12. Tibial
69
What nerve supplies sensation to the medial aspect of the hindlimb?
saphenous
70
What nerve supplies sensation to the skin of the caudal thigh?
caudal cutaneous femoral
71
What nerve supplies sensation to the hindlimb via its branches?
sciatic
72
what nerve supplies sensation to the lateral skin of the hindlimb?
lateral cutaneous sural
73
what nerve supplies sensation to the skin over the dorsal aspect of the leg and foot?
Peroneal
74
What nerve supplies sensation to the caudal skin of leg and hock?
Caudal cutaneous sural
75
Where does the hindlimb nerve supply originate from?
Lumbosacral plexus
76
What are the main vessels that supply the limb? Drain the limb?
Supply - Arteries External iliac, femoral, popliteal, cranial tibial, dorsal pedal, saphenous Drain - veins Saphenous, external iliac, femoral, politeal, cranial tibial
77
What is the vessel that is commonly used for venous access (e.g. for intravenous access)?
Saphenous vein
78
What is the vessel that is used for taking a pulse?
Femoral artery

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