Hindlimb Anatomy

Question 1

Identify the following canine hindlimb bones:

Answer 1

Question 2

Identify the following equine hindlimb bones:

Answer 2

Question 3

Identify the following bovine hindlimb bones:

Answer 3

Question 4

Identify the regions of the hip:

Answer 4

Question 5

Identify the anatomical features of the canine femur:

Answer 5

1 - head
2 - neck
3 - lesser trochanter
4 - greater trochanter
5 - trochlea
9 - trochanteric fossa
12 - lateral condyle
13 - medial condyle
14 - supracondylar fossa

Question 6

Identify the anatomical features of the tibia and fibula:

Answer 6

17 - tibial tuberosity
19 - head of fibula
20 - medial malleolus
21 - lateral malleolus

Question 7

Identify the anatomical features of the stifle region:

Answer 7

Question 8

Identify the anatomical feature of the tarsus:

Answer 8

1. 1st metatarsal
2. 2nd metatarsal
3. 3rd metatarsal
4. 4th metatarsal
5. 5th metatarsal
   I. 1st tarsal
   II. 2nd tarsal
   III. 3rd tarsal
   IV. 4th tarsal
   a. Calcaneus
   b. Tibia
   c. Central tarsal bone
   d. Talus

Question 9

Identify the canine forelimb joints:

Answer 9

Question 10

Identify the superficial muscles of the lateral view of the canine hindlimb:

Answer 10

1. Femoral biceps
2. Semitendinous
3. Semimembranous
4. Superficial gluteal
5. Middle gluteal
6. Tensor of facia lata

Question 11

Identify the deep muscles of the lateral view of the canine hindlimb:

(ignore 10, 11)

Answer 11

2 - semitendinous
3 - semimembranous
5 - middle gluteal
7 - sartorial
8 - deep gluteal
9 - femoral quadriceps
a - femoral straight
b - lateral vast
12 - femoral quadrate
13 - adductor
14 - caudal crural abductor
15 - gastrocnemius
16 - deep digital flexor
17 - cranial tibial
18 - long peroneal
19 - long digital extensor

Question 12

Identify the superficial muscles of the medial view of the canine hindlimb:

Answer 12

1 - sartorial
a - cranial part
b - caudal part
2 - femoral quadriceps
b - femoral straight
3 - pectineal
4 - adductor
5 - gracilis
8 - gastrocnemius
9 - superficial digital flexor
10 - deep digital flexor
12 - cranial tibial

Question 13

Identify the deep muscles of the medial view of the canine hindlimb:

(ignore 11)

Answer 13

2 - Femoral quadriceps
a - femoral straight
b - medial vast
3 - pectineal
4 - adductor
6 - semimembranous
7 - semitentanous
8 - gastrocnemius
10 - deep digital flexor
12 - cranial tibial
13 - popliteal

Question 14

Superficial Gluteal

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 14

O - ilium
I - greater trochanter of femur
F - hip extension

Question 15

Middle Gluteal

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 15

O - ilium
I - greater trochanter of femur
F - extension of hip

Question 16

Deep Gluteal

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 16

O - ilium
I - greater trochanter of femur
F - extension of hip

Question 17

Biceps Femoris

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 17

O - ischial tuberosity
I - tibia
F - stifle flexion, tarsal joint extension

Question 18

Semitendinous

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 18

O - Ischial tuberosity
I - Tibia Medial Surface
F - Hip extension, tarsal extension, stifle flexion

Question 19

Semimembranous

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 19

O - Ischial tuberosity
I - femur
F - hip extension, stifle flexion

Question 20

Tensor of facia lata

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 20

O - iliac
I - tibia
F - extension of stifle

Question 21

Sartorial

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 21

O - iliac
I - tibia
F - flexes hip and stifle, also stifle extension

Question 22

Gracialis

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 22

O - pubic symphysis
I - tibia
F - hip and tarsus extension

Question 23

Adductor

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 23

O - pelvic symphysis
I - femur and tibia
F - hib adductor

Question 24

Pectineal

Origin
Insertion
Function

Answer 24

O - Pubis
I - Femur
F - Hip flexion

Question 25

Femoral Quadriceps Origin Insertion Function

Answer 25

O - Iliac and femur I - patella + tibia F - stifle extension, hip flexion

Question 26

Gastrocnemius Origin Insertion Function

Answer 26

O - femur I - calcaneus F - hip extension, tarsus extension

Question 27

Deep digital flexor Origin Insertion Function

Answer 27

O - Proximal ulna I - Phalanges F - digital flexion

Question 28

Superficial digital flexor Origin Insertion Function

Answer 28

O - femur I - calcaneous, metatarsalphalangeal joints F - digital flexion

Question 29

Cranial Tibial Origin Insertion Function

Answer 29

O - tibia I - tarsal and/or metatarsals F - flexion of tarsus

Question 30

Long digital extensor Origin Insertion Function

Answer 30

O - femur I - distal phalanx F - digital extension

Question 31

What muscles are involved in hip flexion? Hip extension?

Answer 31

Flexion - sartorial, pectineal, femoral quadriceps Extension - superficial gluteal, middle gluteal, deep gluteal, semitendenous, semimembranoous, gracilis, gastronemicus

Question 32

What muscles are involved in stifle flexion? Stifle extension?

Answer 32

Flexion - bicep femoris, semitendenous, semimebranous, sartorial Extension - tensor of facia lata, sartorial, femoral quadriceps

Question 33

What muscles are involved in tarsus flexion? Tarsus extension?

Answer 33

Flexion - cranial tibial Extension - bicep femoris, semitendenous, gracialis, gastrocnemius

Question 34

What muscles are involved in digit flexion? Digit extension?

Answer 34

Flexion - DDF, SDF Extension - long digital extension