forensic psychology

Question 1

psychological explanations: Cognitive

Answer 1

levels of moral reasoning
- Moral development
- Linking it

Cognitive distortions
- Hostile attribution bias
- Minimalisation (bandura)

Question 2

Barbaree

Answer 2

26 incarcerated rapists
- 54% denied they had committed an offence at all
-40% minimised the harm they caused to the victim

Question 3

The Test

Answer 3

Socio moral reflection measure short form (SMR-SF)

Question 4

Differential association theory

Answer 4

Sutherland

Question 5

Scientific?

Answer 5

Maths - frequency / intensity /duration of exposure to deviant non deviant norms + values

Question 6

Offending arises from two factors

Answer 6

• learned attitudes towards offending
• learning of specific offending acts

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

Blackburn

developed: phallic stage after the oedipus complex/ electra complex through identification
- exerts influence by punishing the Ego for wrongdoing whilst rewarding it with pride for good moral behaviour

Question 8

the three types

Answer 8

• weak superego
• deviant superego
• overly harsh superego

Question 9

personality type

Answer 9

affectionless psychopathy - lack of guilt

Answer 10

14 14 12

Question 11

ao3 evaluation point by who

Answer 11

goreta - superego
- guilt and need of self punishment

Question 12

why are girls sad to develop a weaker superego

Answer 12

they cant identify well with the same sex parent as they don’t experience high castration anxiety hence less under pressure to identigy with the mother

Question 13

how many more men?

Answer 13

20x

Question 14

girls showed what

Answer 14

more moral behavior

Question 15

whta type of bias is it

Answer 15

alpha

Question 16

why is maternal deprivison not q good factor

Answer 16

doesdnt have a casual realtionhip - mother could have left due to poverty i.e offending reason is poverty.

Question 17

what testing

Answer 17

empirical

Question 18

dealing with offending behaviour custodial sentencing

Question 19

Custodial sentencing - descision made by courd that the offender should spend time by being in custody

Question 20

4 reasons

Answer 20

1. deterrence (general deterrence / individual deterrence) - vicarious reinforcement
2. Incapacitation
3. Retribution
4. Rehablitation

Question 21

psychological effects

Answer 21

stress and depression - self harm and multilation = psycholoical disorders
institulisation = finding it hard to adjust to the outside life
prisonisation = unacceptable behaviors being rewarded in prison (inmate code)

Question 22

recidivism rates

Answer 22

norway - 20% (rehablitation)
us australia denmark - 60%%
UK - 45%

Question 23

how many ppl killed them

Answer 23

Ministry justice 119 and it increases
1 every 3 days
young single men within 24hrs
prison reform test 25% of women + 15% of men being disagnosed with psychosis

Question 24

What is the trust called

Answer 24

prison reform trust
has no data if the patients mentioned above were diagnosed with psychosis before imprisonment

trauma may be imported so we don’t really know the cause - prison regime or something else = COUNFOUNDING VARIABLE

Question 25

eduactional activities

Answer 25

43% less likley to reoffend less violance in those prisons

Question 26

behaviour modification

Answer 26

operant conditioning - replace undesirable behaviours with more desirable ones through the selective use of negative and positive reinforcement

Question 27

what are the tokens called

Answer 27

secondary reinforcers

Question 28

primary

Answer 28

the actual reward - gym/food/phone to a loved one

Question 29

designing a token economy

Answer 29

operationalise target behaviours - should be objective and agreed on before scoring system - 4:1 train staff - standardise the rpocedure