forensics chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Toxicology

A

the study of poisons

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2
Q

What is forensic toxicology?

A

the science of detecting and identifying drugs and poisons a person may have used for medicinal, recreational, or criminal purposes.

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3
Q

What are the three primary responsibilities of a forensic toxicologist?

A

1) post mortem drug testing
2.) workplace drug testing
3.) identification of contraband materials

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4
Q

List and Desribe the four methods of exposure to toxins (ways to introduce them into the body).

A

1.) ingesting through the gastrointestinal system
2.) inhaling them into the lungs
3.) injecting them into the bloodstream
4.) absorbing them through the skin

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5
Q

What are the three ways people can be exposed to toxins?

A

1.) intentionally
2.) accidentally
3.) deliberatly

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6
Q

What is toxicity?

A

the extent to which a substance is poisonous and is affected by many factors

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7
Q

What four factors can affect toxicity?

A

1.) dosage
2.) duration
3.) how it was taken
4.) interactions

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8
Q

What two poisons were frequently used in the 17th century?

A

1.) arsenic
2.) cyanide

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9
Q

What common household pest control product contains arsenic?

A

rat poison

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10
Q

Why was arsenic such a popular poison during the 19th century?

A

it was readily available and found often in rat poisoning

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11
Q

What test was developed to detect arsenic and was the first use of toxicology in a jury trial?

A

the marsh test

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12
Q

is a rare but potentially deadly poison that makes the body unable to use life-sustaining oxygen.

A

cyanide

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13
Q

What odor can cyanide have to some people?

A

bitter almond

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14
Q

What is the Father of Toxicology?

A

Mathiw Orfila

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15
Q

Name some job responsibilities of present-day toxicologists.

A

they work with pathologists to analyze body fluids from autopsies. They may also be responsible for presenting evidence in court.

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16
Q

Contrast the two types of poisoning.

A

1.) acute
2.) chronic

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17
Q

What makes a drug illegal?

A

no accepted medical I.D.

18
Q

Define controlled substances

A

legal substances who sale, possession and use are restricted

19
Q

drug offenders make up how much of the federal prison system population?

20
Q

What three factors determine classification of controlled substances?

A

1.) potential for abuse
2.) potential to physical and psychological dependence
3.) medical value

21
Q

Describe the five schedules of controlled substances.

A

1.) drug with high potential for abuse and addiction, no medical value
2.) drug with high potential for abuse and addiction, some medical value
3.) drugs with less potential for abuse, acceptable for medical use.
4.) drugs with low potential for abuse, acceptable for medical use
5.) drugs with low potential for abuse, medical use, lowest potential dependency

22
Q

What group of psychedelic drugs affects the user’s perceptions, thinking, self-awareness and emotions?

A

hallucinogens

23
Q

What group of drugs acts to reduce pain by suppressing the central nervous system’s ability to relay pain messages to the brain?

A

narocotoics

24
Q

What group of drugs increases feelings of well being, energy, alertness while suppressing appetite but can be followed by depression?

A

stimulants

25
What group of drugs promotes cell and tissue growth and division?
depressants
26
List four examples of Hallucinogens
1.) MDMA 2.) mescaline 3) LSP 4) PCP
27
List four example of Narcotics
1.) opium 2.) heroin 3.) oxycodone 4.) methadone
28
List three examples of Stimulants
1.) cocaine 2.) amphetamines 3.) methamphetamines
29
Which group of drugs tends to be highly addictive?
stimulants
30
Which group of drugs tends to produce tolerance and withdrawal?
narcotics
31
list three most common date rape drugs
1.) rohypnol 2.) GHB 3.) ketamine
32
what organ is most commonly damaged by alcohol use?
liver
33
what is the most poisonous biological substance known to humans?
botulism
34
What deadly nervous system disease takes a few lives because of vaccinations against it?
clostridium botulinum
35
What are pesticides?
any substance used to control pests
36
list two examples of heavy metals.
arsenic lead
37
list two types of gases
hydrogen cyanide carbon monoxide
38
name two bioterrorism agents
ricen anthrax
39
what is the purpose of presumptive testing
narrow down possibilities so that more specific tests can be done
40
list some examples of confirmation tests
color tests microcrystaline testing
41
what is the formal term for a post-mortem examination
autopsy