forensics skills test 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
what is forensic archaeology
sub discipline in which archaeological principles are used to recover evidence for forensic investigations
what is a forensic archaeologist
an individual who has had training in archaeology, biological anthropology anf crime scene investigation
whats the main difference between archaeology and forensics
the time frame, forensics is usually 70 years for something to be deemed relevant whereas archaeology has a much larger time frame
whats an SIO and CSM
Senior investigation officer
Crime scene manager
examples of archaeological context
layer deposit filll
interface
whats principle of horizontality
any layer deposited in an unsolidated form will tend towards horizonal position
principle of original continuity
an archaeological layer as originally laid down will be bounded by a basin of deposition. if any layer edge is exposed in vertical view part of its original context must have been removed
principle of stratigraphic succession
any unit of archaeological stratification sequence of a site from its oisition between lowest of all units and its upper unites
principle of intercutting
if a feature or a layer is found cut into or across another layer it myst be more recent
principle of incorporation
all artefactual material found to be contained within layer/deposit must be the same age or older than the formation of that layer
formation process
termused to describe the way archaeological sites and their associated stratigraphic units were created and altered
stratigraphic sequence
order in which contexts were formed over the course of time
what are the positions of human remains
extended - legs are forming 180 degree angle with the trunk of the body
flexed position - remains are in a flexed position and legs and arms are crouched towards one and other 90 angle or less between legs and trunk of body
semi flexed - remains are semi fleed the legs and arms are bent but not excessively
whats forensic taphonomy
sub filed of fornsic anthropology that examines how taphonomic processes alterted evidence over a course of time
bio-taphonomy
focuses on the assessment of human remians to interpret agents responsible for decomposition
geo-taphonomy
focuses on local environment in which human remains have been deposited and the impact a body disposal has on surrounding nature
whats are the stages of decomposition
stage 1 - autolysis
stage 2 - putrefaction
stage 3- black putrefaction
stage 4 - butyric fermentation
stage 5 - dry decay
stage 6 - adipocere formation
non intrusive techniques used
cartographic analysis, aerial photography and pedestrian searches
grave excavation methods
arbitrary, demirant, quadrant, stratigraphic
how many died during the Katyn massacre
8 mass graves, 4,153 individuals of which 2,850 were identified
how many died in spanish civil war and who was it between
republicans and nationalists and 38,000-72,344 individuals were killed
how many people died on killing fields in cambodia
between 1.7-2.5 million individuals
how many people died in the yugoslav wars
130,000-140,000
how many died in rwanda genocide
500,000-1,000,000 individuals
