forensics skills test 2 Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

what is forensic archaeology

A

sub discipline in which archaeological principles are used to recover evidence for forensic investigations

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2
Q

what is a forensic archaeologist

A

an individual who has had training in archaeology, biological anthropology anf crime scene investigation

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3
Q

whats the main difference between archaeology and forensics

A

the time frame, forensics is usually 70 years for something to be deemed relevant whereas archaeology has a much larger time frame

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4
Q

whats an SIO and CSM

A

Senior investigation officer
Crime scene manager

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5
Q

examples of archaeological context

A

layer deposit filll
interface

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6
Q

whats principle of horizontality

A

any layer deposited in an unsolidated form will tend towards horizonal position

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7
Q

principle of original continuity

A

an archaeological layer as originally laid down will be bounded by a basin of deposition. if any layer edge is exposed in vertical view part of its original context must have been removed

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8
Q

principle of stratigraphic succession

A

any unit of archaeological stratification sequence of a site from its oisition between lowest of all units and its upper unites

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9
Q

principle of intercutting

A

if a feature or a layer is found cut into or across another layer it myst be more recent

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10
Q

principle of incorporation

A

all artefactual material found to be contained within layer/deposit must be the same age or older than the formation of that layer

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11
Q

formation process

A

termused to describe the way archaeological sites and their associated stratigraphic units were created and altered

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12
Q

stratigraphic sequence

A

order in which contexts were formed over the course of time

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13
Q

what are the positions of human remains

A

extended - legs are forming 180 degree angle with the trunk of the body
flexed position - remains are in a flexed position and legs and arms are crouched towards one and other 90 angle or less between legs and trunk of body
semi flexed - remains are semi fleed the legs and arms are bent but not excessively

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14
Q

whats forensic taphonomy

A

sub filed of fornsic anthropology that examines how taphonomic processes alterted evidence over a course of time

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15
Q

bio-taphonomy

A

focuses on the assessment of human remians to interpret agents responsible for decomposition

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16
Q

geo-taphonomy

A

focuses on local environment in which human remains have been deposited and the impact a body disposal has on surrounding nature

17
Q

whats are the stages of decomposition

A

stage 1 - autolysis
stage 2 - putrefaction
stage 3- black putrefaction
stage 4 - butyric fermentation
stage 5 - dry decay
stage 6 - adipocere formation

18
Q

non intrusive techniques used

A

cartographic analysis, aerial photography and pedestrian searches

19
Q

grave excavation methods

A

arbitrary, demirant, quadrant, stratigraphic

20
Q

how many died during the Katyn massacre

A

8 mass graves, 4,153 individuals of which 2,850 were identified

21
Q

how many died in spanish civil war and who was it between

A

republicans and nationalists and 38,000-72,344 individuals were killed

22
Q

how many people died on killing fields in cambodia

A

between 1.7-2.5 million individuals

23
Q

how many people died in the yugoslav wars

A

130,000-140,000

24
Q

how many died in rwanda genocide

A

500,000-1,000,000 individuals

25
when was the tribunal for yugoslavia
1993
26
whats SOP
standard operating procedures
27
whats ICMP
International commission on missing persons
28
two types of mass disasters
natural and human made
29
what are the 5 international standards
1 - the scene 2- the mortuary 3- antemortem 4- reconcilliation 5- debreifing
30
how many people died in bali bombings
202 victims