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FlashCards > Forensics Unit 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Forensics Unit 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is forensic science?

A

any science that is used to solve crimes, and it’s results are used in the courts of law.

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2
Q

what is a csi?

A

a crime scene investigator are the experts in looking for evidence.

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3
Q

what is a dectective?

A

they gather evidence

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4
Q

what is a forensic biologist?

A

Look at the genetics and living matter found at the crime scene

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5
Q

what is forensic engineer?

A

engineers look at the materials and structures that do not operate properly

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6
Q

what is forensic chemist?

A

analyse any substances found at the crime

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7
Q

what is a forensic odontologist?

A

Use dental evidence found at the crime scene

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8
Q

what is forensic pathologist?

A

Examine bodies to determine cause of death

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9
Q

what is forensic botanist?

A

Investigate evidence such as plants, seeds

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10
Q

what is forensic psychologist?

A

advise judges on the state of mind of defendents and victim

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11
Q

what is forensic entmalogist?

A

studies the life cycles of insects such as flies which feed on corpses

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12
Q

what are 3 steps to take upon arriving at a crime scene

A
  1. secure site
  2. ensure safety of victims
  3. call for backup
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13
Q

3 steps to aviod contamination at a crime scene

A
  1. wear gloves
  2. wear mask
  3. wear hair net
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14
Q

what is labelling?

A

When you find evidence you label it with a number, photograph it and then take a sample for the lab.

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15
Q

what is locards exchange principle?

A

edmund locard a french criminologist and his theory/principal is ‘every contact leaves a trace’

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16
Q

name contact trace evidence

A

hair, blood splatter, fibers, and dna

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17
Q

name all microscopes

A
  1. magnifying glass
  2. compound microscope
  3. electron microscope
  4. stereostopic microscope
  5. comparison microscope
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18
Q

what is a synthetic fibre?

A

Man-made
E.g. nylon, rayon, terylene, acrylic, polyester

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19
Q

what is a natural fibre?

A

from plants or animals
e.g. cotton, linen, wool, silk

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20
Q

what is hair made out of? and name 3 hair parts

A

keratin
1. medulla - central core
2. cortex - coloured layredn
3. cuticle - outer layer of overlapping scales

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21
Q

name all hair parts

A
  1. hair from scalp - tends to have circular cross section, often with split ends
  2. beard hair - often has a more triangular cross section
  3. brows and lashes - also have a circular cross section, but their ends are tapered
  4. underarm hair - has a more oval cross-section than other types
  5. pubic hair - short, curly and stiff, with an oval or triangular cross-section and short roots
  6. general body hair - is finer and softer than pubic hair, but is also curly and either triangular or oval in cross-section
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22
Q

what is visible spectrum?

A

When light passes through a prism it separates into a whole series of colours that we call the visible spectrum.

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23
Q

name 2 types of lights forensic scientists use

A

UV - ultra violet
IR - infra red

24
Q

what is UV light

A

UV is a light that makes other substances glow

25
Q

what is phospherscent

A

substance that glows underneath UV ane continues to do so after the light is taken away

26
Q

what is refractive index?

A

a measure of the amount light is bent as it passes through substances

27
Q

When metal salts are heated the ions change energy levels as they burn this energy is released as?

A

coloured light

28
Q

what is a ion?

A

a charged atom

29
Q

The colours of the visible spectrum in order are?

A

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

30
Q

what are fingerprints?

A

The individual ridges and patterns on our fingertips.

31
Q

name the 3 types of fingerprints

A

whorl, loop, arch

32
Q

does everyone have identical fingerprints and why?

A

Each person’s fingerprints are different, which is why they have long been used as a way to identify individuals, including identical twins

33
Q

what is elimnation prints?

A

Collected from suspects or individuals associated with the crime scene by police by rolling fingers across in pad and paper

34
Q

what is latent prints?

A

latent print is the fingerprint transferred to another surface.

35
Q

what is forgery and name the three types

A

Forgery is changing of a document, or making an imitation of something, with the intent to cheat
1. Personal forgery
2. Forgery on metal
3. industrial forgery

36
Q

what is personal forgery?

A

when someone writes a signature that is not their own or alters figures or some words.

37
Q

what is industrial forgery?

A

copy expensive good quality products, often using poorer quality cheaper materials, so they can be sold very cheaply.

38
Q

what is forgery on metal?

A

Many stolen goods - such as cars, bikes, keys, tools and guns - carry identification marks or serial numbers imprinted on them. Criminals try to remove these by filling them down.

39
Q

what is chromatography?

A

method of separating the mixture of dyes used in ink.

40
Q

what are impressions?

A

Impressions are created when one object is pressed against
another material with enough force to leave an impression of the object.

41
Q

what are casts?

A

casting material can be used to capture the surface features of a ton of impressions at crime scenes.

42
Q

what makes up our blood?

A
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • plasma
  • platelets
43
Q

how much litres of blood does an average adult have?

A

5 litres

44
Q

how many red blood cells are there in drops of blood

A

1billon

45
Q

for every _____ blood cells

A

600

46
Q

for every 600 blood cells there are ________

A

40 platelets

47
Q

for every 600 blood cells there are 40 platelets and ______

A

1 white blood cell

48
Q

name the blood types

A

AA or AO = Type A
BB or BO = Type B
OO = Type O
AB = Type AB

49
Q

what is the rarest blood type?

A

AB-

50
Q

what is the most commonest blood type?

A

O+

51
Q

who can give blood?

A

type O blood, universal donor

52
Q

who can recieve blood?

A

type AB, universal recipents

53
Q

How is blood evidence detected at a crime scene?

A

through light and blood ragent tests

54
Q

what is DNA

A

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and contains genetic information.

55
Q

where is DNA located?

A

chromosomes located in the nucleus of our cells.

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