Forensics vocab

Question 1

Plasma

Answer 1

liquid part of blood, about 55% of its makeup. 90% water, 10% proteins and waste

Question 2

Blood serum

Answer 2

Blood plasma with its protein content removed

Question 3

Erythrocytes

Answer 3

red blood cells

Question 4

Leukocytes

Answer 4

white blood cells

Question 5

Thrombocytes

Answer 5

platelets, non nucleated cell fragments formed in bone marrow

Question 6

Secretors

Answer 6

blood type antigens are present in other bodily fluids

Question 7

Presumptive tests

Answer 7

chemical tests that can give false positives

Question 8

Antigens

Answer 8

any substance capable of triggering a response from the immune system

Question 9

nucleic acids

Answer 9

in all living cells, DNA and RNA

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

deoxyribonucleic acid, found in cell nucleus

Question 11

RNA

Answer 11

ribonucleic acid, found in cytoplasm

Question 12

Nucleotides

Answer 12

repeating units made of sugars, bases, and phosphoric acids. makes up DNA and RNA

Question 13

Histone molecules

Answer 13

proteins that form chromosomes with DNA

Question 14

Karyotype

Answer 14

set of chromosomes, 46 total, 23 per parent

Question 15

Exons

Answer 15

coding part of DNA

Question 16

Introns

Answer 16

non coding part of DNA

Question 17

Denatures

Answer 17

seperating strands of DNA

Question 18

Anneals

Answer 18

recombines strands of DNA

Question 19

Thermocycling

Answer 19

the process of denaturing and annealing DNA, makes copies

Question 20

Amplicons

Answer 20

The duplicated pieces of DNA

Question 21

Selectively neutral loci

Answer 21

locations in the non-coding intron region with no effect on reproduction

Question 22

HV1 and HV2 regions

Answer 22

specific regions of mtDNA known for high rate of genetic variation

Question 23

D-loop

Answer 23

DNA structure with an extra third strand of DNA splitting 2 others

Question 24

Genotype

Answer 24

A person’s genetic makeup, specifically the combination of alleles they have for a particular trait

Question 25

Phenotype

Answer 25

Observable characteristics of an individual resulting from interaction between genotype and the environment

Question 26

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 26

Paired chromosomes, one per parent, containing the same genes with potential variation from alleles

Question 27

Autosomes

Answer 27

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 28

Gene locus

Answer 28

the specific location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 29

Alleles

Answer 29

one of two or more variations of a gene that arise by mutation and are found in the same place on a chromosome

Question 30

Codon

Answer 30

a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA, tells the cell which amino acids to use when building a protein

Question 31

Guanine binds with

Answer 31

Cytosine

Question 32

Adenine binds with

Answer 32

Thymine

Question 33

Serology

Answer 33

study of serum and bodily fluids

Question 34

Anticodon

Answer 34

Attracts to codons due to opposing charge, tells cells which codons to bind to