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forestry Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is the forest conservation act?

A

1991

Act to reduce the number of forested areas cleared for different types of development in Maryland.

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2
Q

What is the roadside tree act?

A

1914

developed to ensure the compatability of roadside trees with an efficient and dependable public utility system

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3
Q

Wha is the reforestation act?

A

1988

For every one or more acres of forest destroyed they must replant within one year

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4
Q

What is the critical area act?

A

1984

Requires the first one hundred feet of land around banks to be left alone ad managed

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5
Q

Name the succession stages in order.

A 
meadow
shrub
young forest
mature forest
climax forest
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6
Q

What plants, insects and animals are present in the meadow stage?

A

grasses sedges forbs
crickets beetles grasshoppers
songbirds rabbits groundhogs mice and voles

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7
Q

What plants, insects and animals are present in the shrub stage?

A

sweet gum pine cherry sassafras

rodents fox deer raccoon weasel

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8
Q

What plants, insects and animals are present in the young forest stage?

A

oak maple sweet gum some pines

squirrels opossum chipmunks owls woodpeckers

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9
Q

What plants, insects and animals are present in the mature forest stage?

A

deciduous trees

shrubs and herbaceous plants

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10
Q

What plants, insects and animals are present in the climax forest stage?

A

Fox, bobcat, and wolves

termites and carpenter ants

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11
Q

What natural factors affect forest sucession?

A

volcanoes hurricanes flood wildfire climate change windstorms

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12
Q

What human factors affect forest sucession?

A 
farming 
tree harvesting 
soil erosion 
road building 
introduced species 
fire
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13
Q

What is primary sucession?

A

succession where no soil exists

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14
Q

What is secondary sucession?

A

succession where soil is already present

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15
Q

What are lichens and other early arriving organisms known as?

A

pioneer species

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16
Q

What are lichens?

A

a combination of algae and fungi that lives on and breaks down rock

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17
Q

What is the age range of a meadow?

A

0-5

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18
Q

What is the age range of a shrub?

A

6-25

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19
Q

What is the age range of a young forest?

A

26-50

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20
Q

What is the age range of a mature forest?

A

51-150

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21
Q

What is the age range of a climax forest?

A

150-300

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22
Q

What is an example of mast?

A

acorns

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23
Q

What are snags?

24
Q

What is the removal of all trees from an area; the most common but controversial type of logging?

Study These Flashcards
A

clear cutting

25
What is it called when mature trees are cut individually or in small clusters while the rest of the forest remains intact?
selective tree cutting
26
What is it called when almost all trees are harvested except a scattering of desirable trees left behind spread seeds?
seed tree method
27
What is it called when one crop or species covers a particular area?
monoculture
28
What is performed on even aged stands to redistribute the growth potential of the crop trees?
thinning
29
What are protected zones that connect isolated unlogged areas?
wildlife corridors
30
What is it called when a small number of trees are left behind to provide shelter for seedlings?
Shelterwood Method
31
Name 3 regeneration methods.
Natural Direct Seeding Planting Saplings
32
What is the science of managing and harvesting forests to meet the needs of land owners and society ob a sustainable basis?
silviculture
33
What are the two different main silviculture methods?
Regeneration and intermediate
34
What are the five principles of silviculture?
``` height diameter growth stand uneven aged stand even aged stand ```
35
What is a stand?
a grouping of trees of sufficiently uniform species, composition, age, and condition
36
Name two intermediate silviculture treatments.
thinning | crop tree release
37
Name four regeneration silviculture methods.
clearcut selective tree seed tree shelterwood
38
What five things does deforestation cause?
``` problems with soil increased erosion desertification increased number of endangered or extinct species global warming ```
39
What is desertification?
the degradation of fertile land into a nonproductive desert
40
What is the base of the stem of a leaf called?
petiole
41
What are two types of leaves?
needle and broad
42
What are three types of veining?
pinnate palmate and parallel
43
What are two different types of broad leaf?
unlobed, compound and lobed
44
What are the parts if a compound leaf called?
leaflets
45
Where is the margin of the leaf located?
the edge
46
Name three different types of margins.
toothed serated smooth/entire
47
What are the three types of stem orientation?
opposite alternate whirl
48
Where is the apex of the leaf located?
the tip
49
What was the purpose of the national fire plan?
to make fires less harmful
50
What are the three causes of fires?
natural prescribed human
51
What are the six positives of fire?
``` removes dead trees kills sick animals clears undergrowth helps some new organisms move in allows fire dependent seeds to germinate enriches soil ```
52
What are six negatives of fires?
``` expensive to control destructive of habitats kills animals danger to humans air pollution allows invasive plants ```
53
What are the three negatives of using pesticides?
expensive animals develop resistance negative environmental effects
54
What are the five IMP control methods?
``` biological changing the host organism genetically mechanical and physical cultural control pheromes ```
55
Describe the cultural IMP control method.
creating more diverse plantings to promote biological control and rotating crops to remove soil dwelling pests
56
Describe the pheromones IMP control method.
This is a trap that emits the mating chemicals of a bug so that it enters and gets trapped

Environmental Science (9 decks)

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