Unit 3 Soil

Question 0

What does it mean for soil to be anoxic?

Answer 0

to not have oxygen in it

Question 1

What are the three characteristics a wetland must have?

Answer 1

1. must be inundated 7.5% of the growing season
2. soil is wet enough to be classified as anoxic
3. hydrophytes are the dominant vegetation

Question 2

Whats are two different adaptations of wetland plants?

Answer 2

• knees

- buttressed tree trunks

Question 3

What is gleyed soil?

Answer 3

dark slimy nutrient rich soil with little oxygen

Question 4

What are the three macronutrients?

Answer 4

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

Question 5

What are the three miconutrients?

Answer 5

calcium, magnesium, sulfur

Question 6

What is one soil additive that boosts all of the nutrients?

Answer 6

animal manure

Question 7

Name all of the agricultural BMPs.

Answer 7

grassed waterway, grade control structure, terrace, critical area planting, contour farming, crop residue management, crop rotation cover crop, vegetative filter strips, wind break

Question 8

Why is there acid rain over large cities?

Answer 8

lots of fossil fuels are burned

Question 9

What is dolomite?

Answer 9

a form of limestone used to neutralize the pH of acid rain

Question 10

What are the two steps for BMPs of construction sites?

Answer 10

perimeter control and temporary stabilization

Question 11

Name the layers of a landfill from bottom to top.

Answer 11

Clay, Plastic liner, gravel, sand, dirt, old cells, new cells

Question 12

What does a leachate collection system do?

Answer 12

a collection system that collects water that has travelled through the landfill

Question 14

Name the layers of soil from top to bottom.

Answer 14

AOEBCR

Humus, Topsoil, Eluviation, Subsoil, Regolith, Bedrock

Question 15

what are the bmp’s for erosion

Answer 15

crop rotation: changing crops grown yearly
cover crop: small grain crops that reduce leaching of unused crop nutrients
contour farming: farming w/ row patterns around the hill
grassed waterways: shaping grass in a national drainage around crops, guides runoff on grass rather then tearing off soil
wind break: trees slow wind and water flow
grade control structure: wooden concrete/rock structure built across drainage way
terrace: an earthen embankment around a hillside that stops water flows and stores in or guides it safely

Question 16

anaerobic

Answer 16

without oxygen

Question 17

what is the scientific term for wetland soils

Answer 17

hydric soils

Question 18

list the three characteristics that make a wetland

Answer 18

• soil is flooded
• soil is anoxic
• hydrophytes are dominant

Question 19

what is the dominant factor of wetlands

Answer 19

the dominant factor is saturation with water

Question 20

what is groundwater recharge

Answer 20

wetlands slowly release water from runoff into streams to refill streams

Question 21

what is eutrophication

Answer 21

excessive richness and nutrients in water

Question 22

what is anoxic

Answer 22

anoxic means the water is so dense with minerals that there is no oxygen

Question 23

mineral and organic topsoil

Answer 23

mineral topsoil: made of sand, silt, clay, iron, and mangese

organic topsoil: deep layer of decaying matter

Question 24

what is a tree knee

Answer 24

part of the root that rises above the water to bring oxygen to the roots

Question 25

what are rhizomes

Answer 25

rhizomes are underground shoots for the parent to reproduce under stress

Question 26

what is buttressed

Answer 26

buttressed means the base of the tree is widened for support because of wet soil

Question 27

what is erosion

Answer 27

when sediment/soil is moved from its original place to a new one

Question 28

4 agents of erosion

Answer 28

water, wind, ice, and gravity

Question 29

9 signs of erosion

Answer 29

- bare spots on lawn - tree roots showing above ground - gully's begin to show - fallen trees in stream channels - silt build up - muddy water and or stream in your driveway - small rocks or stones become evident - soil splashed on outside windows or walls - stream channels getting deeper and wider

Question 30

natural factors of acid precipitation

Answer 30

- the combo of natural CO2 levels in earths atmosphere | - eruption of volcanoes

Question 31

man made contributions to acid precipitation

Answer 31

the boring of fossil fuels.

Question 32

the faster the percolation rate the_____

Answer 32

easier to clean

Question 33

why is clay so hard to clean

Answer 33

it holds in water and hardens making it difficult to clean

Question 34

soils tend to be sand clay or silt or a mix of these ingredients

Answer 34

you should know this dummy

Question 35

what is the tool used to find the names of soils

Answer 35

soil texture triangle

Question 36

humus

Answer 36

decayed plant and animal remains, O the top layer

Question 37

subsoil

Answer 37

E the third layer, a layer made mostly of clay and other particles but little humus, not good for growing things

Question 38

decomposer

Answer 38

organisms that break down animal and plant remains

Question 39

bedrock

Answer 39

the solid layer of rock beneath soil, R the bottom layer

Question 40

topsoil

Answer 40

crumbly dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and other minerals, best soil for growing crops, A the 2nd layer

Question 41

loam

Answer 41

soil made of equal parts clay sand and silt,

Question 42

soil

Answer 42

loose weathered materials on Earth's surface where plants can grow

Question 43

chemical weathering

Answer 43

carbonation or oxidation

Question 44

physical weathering

Answer 44

thermal changes

Question 45

the soil horizons make up the soil____

Answer 45

profile

Question 46

_____ is another name for translocation

Answer 46

leaching

Question 47

the two factors that are very active in mechanical weathering

Answer 47

wind and water

Question 48

the six components of soil are

Answer 48

- soil air in porous spaces - rocks, rock particles - decaying plant and animal matter - dissolved minerals and elements - soil water - fungus, bacteria and bugs