Form: Morphology and Syntax Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is syntax?
the rules of combing words into phrases and sentences
What are the rules?
Prescriptive
Descriptive
What are prescriptive rules?
rules that define how language should be used –grammar class
what are descriptive rules?
rules that describe speaker’s linguistic knowledge – linguistics class
what is a morpheme?
smallest unit of meaning in the language
/s/
what are bound morphemes?
attached to the work - have to be attached to have meaning
what are free mrophemes
content words - individual words that cannot be divided - book
what are the different linguist categories?
> open class/content words (nouns, verbs, adj)
> closed class/function words (prepositions (in, on) determiners (the,a))
what is sentence structure?
sentences are not merely linear arrangements of content and function words; have hierarchial structure
what is the hierarchial structure to sentences?
- words are combined to form phrases
- phrases are combined to form simple sentences
- sentences can be endlessly conjoined and small sentences can be embedded in large sentences
How does one id a morpheme?
- dictionary
- 2 quick tests:
> can the linguistic unit be defined or paraphrased
> can another word be id in which the morpheme is used
no definable part in “subtle” but “sub” in submarine does work as a meaningful part meaning under
what is an inflectional suffix?
meaning changes english has 8 2 nouns (plural, possessive) 4 verbs (3rd person, past tense, past participle, present) 2 adj (comparative, superlative)
what is a derivational suffix?
may change word class category and meaning sell (verb) --> seller (noun)
what is an inflectional morpheme:
this morpheme can only be a suffix (added to an end of the word) - they create change in function of word 8 in english noun -s plural and possessive verb -s -ed -en -ing adj/adv -er -est
what is derivational morphemes?
this type of morpheme changes meaning of word and the part of speech or both
can be prefixes or suffixes
un- added to invited changes meaning
-ly added to slow changes word class
what is Mean Length of Utterance?
- measure of linguistic productivity in children
- collected by counting utterances and dividing morphemes by utterances
- predictor of complexity of childs language
what contributes to a childs reading success?
phonological awareness
morpheme awareness
vocabulary
what are the litteracy skills that morphological awareness supports?
- word id,
comprehension
spelling
what is the repertoir theory?
reading and spelling development explained by the number and actual use of children’s linguistic resources (PA, MA, orthographic knowledge, semantic knowledge)
why are discrete skill instruction not recommended?
- difficult task
- didn’t result in improving functional use of grammar in context or improve writing
(not in context, don’t know why they’re doing it)
what should instruction of grammatical targets be included in?
- Direct teaching and opportunities to engage in Meaningful activities for oral and written language
what is sentence expanding?
start with a single sentence and expand in length and complexity to the kernal senteince.
what is sentence combinging
present two or more simpler sentence ans task students to combine into one longer sentence
