Formal Exam Flashcards
(26 cards)
Stimulants increase the effects of _________ in the brain
Catecholamines
Catecholamines are…
Neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine)
S6. category
Stimulants
S6. stimulant examples
- amphetamines
- cocaine
- strychnine
- caffeine
Amphetamines ___ the release of catecholamines
increase
Cocaine ___ the action of catecholamines
prolong
Sports where amphetamines have evidence to improve performance
- throwing events (accuracy)
- sprints (increase force production)
- endurance (managing mental fatigue)
Strychnine is…
a plant extract/stimulant
Caffeine limit in urine was reduced to
12 mcg/mL
Caffeine in sports events are…
- removed from banned list in 2004
- still on the monitoring list
Way was caffeine dropped from banned list?
- too widely used
- too problematic to police
- urine levels are an unreliable indicator of inappropriate use
Variables of caffeine effects on athletes (3)
- body size
- metabolic rate
- hydration status
Main effects of stimulants
- increased mental activity
- elevate mood
- increase muscle force
- suppress appetite
Side effects and risks of stimulants
- exaggerated sympathetic effects (SNS); increase HR, BP
- headache
- tremor
- increased sweating/heat illnesses
Common amphetamines
- cathine
- modafil (clinically used - stroke/fatgue - ecstasy
- ritalin (used for ADHD)
Active stretching
- Stretch aided by reciprocal inhibition from activated agonist
- BUT may not produce enough stretch
Passive stretching
- Extra (external) force applied increases ROM
- Usually get greater stretch
Static stretching is better for
cool downs
Static stretching is
stretching to farthest point & holding the stretch
- passive
- active
Dynamic stretching is better for
warm-ups
Dynamic stretching is
- slow and gradual
- no rapid, bouncy or jerky movements
- may add static component when held
Ballistic stretching is used
in power sports warm-up
- sprints
- power-lifting
Ballistic stretching uses
- speed and momentum/bouncing
- beyond normal ROM
What is the only direct way to measure body composition?
Cadavers
