Formation of Germ Layer and Derivatives

Question 1

result of delamination process during gastrulation

Answer 1

epiblast and hypoblast

Question 2

what will epiblast give rise to

Answer 2

embryonic epiblast and amniotic ectoderm

Question 3

where is this process located - the migration of cells toward the midline to form the primitive streak

Answer 3

embryonic epiblast

Question 4

formation of epiblast and hypoblast layers is referred to as

Answer 4

bilaminar disc formation

Question 5

formation of the three embryonic germ layers is called

Answer 5

trilaminar disc formation

Question 6

what will give rise to the extraembryonic endoderm which will form the yolk sac consisting of endoderm

Answer 6

hypoblast

Question 7

what surrounds the inner cell mass

Answer 7

trophoblastic cells

Question 8

trophoblast will proliferate and form what

Answer 8

cytotrophoblast

Question 9

layer responsible for the initial attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining and contains the original cells of trophoblast

Answer 9

cytrotrophoblastic layer

Question 10

layer that has already lost the cellular membranes

Answer 10

syncytiotrophoblastic layer

Question 11

cells on this layer secretes the enzymatic enzymes that digest uterine wall for the implantation of the embryo

Answer 11

syncytiotrophoblastic layer

Question 12

what will give rise to the extraembryonic mesoderm

Answer 12

syncytiotrophoblast

Question 13

what forms the large part of the placenta

Answer 13

amnion, yolk sac, components of cytotrophoblast giving rise to extraembryonic mesoderm

Question 14

membranes outside forming embryo

Answer 14

extraembryonic membranes

Question 15

what forms from the epiblast after splitting?

Answer 15

embryonic epiblast and amniotic ectoderm (helmet)

Question 16

the hypoblast will expand further laterally and moves downward over thr blastocoel and form the?

Answer 16

yolk sac

Question 17

further proliferation of cytotrophoblast will form what?

Answer 17

syncytiotrophoblast

Question 18

what is seen in preparation for the proliferation of the blood vessels forming the placenta eventually

Answer 18

lacunae

Question 19

wall of the yolk sac is derived from?

Answer 19

components of the hypoblast

Question 20

the site of invaginating cells

Answer 20

primitive node (the organizer)

Question 21

invaginating cells undergo ingression occupying blastocoel will give rise to?

Answer 21

mesodermal cells

Question 22

invaginating cells left on top will form

Answer 22

ectoderm

Question 23

cells displaced in the hypoblast

Answer 23

endoderm

Question 24

notochord is derived from the prenotochordal cells which are originated from?

Answer 24

mesodermal origin

Question 25

the definitive notochord is formed first at the ____ region and progresses towards the ____ region

Answer 25

cephalic, caudal

Question 26

3 mesodermal sheets

Answer 26

paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm

Question 27

what is in between the lateral plate mesoderm and dorsal mesoderm

Answer 27

intermediate mesoderm

Question 28

other term for paraxial mesoderm

Answer 28

epimere

Question 29

other term for intermediate mesoderm

Answer 29

mesomere

Question 30

other term for lateral plate mesoderm

Answer 30

hypomere

Question 31

lateral plate mesoderm splits into 2, what are those?

Answer 31

somatic mesoderm/parietal AND splanchnic mesoderm/visceral

Question 32

paraxial mesoderm develops into?

Answer 32

future somites

Question 33

intermediate mesoderm develops into?

Answer 33

future urogenital units

Question 34

lateral plate mesoderm develops into?

Answer 34

various organs in the body

Question 35

transformation of embryonic cells into flat cells that are tightly packed

Answer 35

epithelialization

Question 36

with further development, epithelial cells are transformed into?

Answer 36

mesenchymal type

Question 37

wherein embryonic cells lose their epithelial/compact arrangement and become loosely arranged cells

Answer 37

epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Question 38

what forms the sclerotome?

Answer 38

notochord and neural tube

Question 39

what forms the myotome?

Answer 39

dorsomedial muscle cells and ventrolateral muscle cells

Question 40

cells that remain between the dorsomedial and ventrolateral muscle cells will form what?

Answer 40

dermatome

Question 41

3 layers of somite

Answer 41

sclerotome, myotome, dermatome

Question 42

genes expressed by notochord and floor plate of the neural tube that acts on cells of sclerotome

Answer 42

Shh and noggin

Question 43

what gene is expressed by sclerotome that controls chondrogenesis and vertebrae formation

Answer 43

PAX1 gene

Question 44

participates in the formation of vertebral column

Answer 44

sclerotome

Question 45

this is secreted by the roof/dorsal neural tube that activates PAX3 gene

Answer 45

WNT proteins

Question 46

gene that dermacates the dermamyotome

Answer 46

PAX3 gene

Question 47

WNT proteins direct ________ that differentiate into muscle cell precursors

Answer 47

dorsomedial portion of somite

Question 48

muscle cell precursors expresses this gene in response to WNT

Answer 48

MYF5 gene

Question 49

expressed by dorsal neural tube/neural tube roof that will form the dermis

Answer 49

NT3

Question 50

what activates MyoD (muscle specific gene)

Answer 50

WNT protein and BMP4

Question 51

_____ is dorsomedial and _______ for ventrolateral cells in forming the myotome

Answer 51

MYF5, MyoD

Question 52

what arose from the intermediate mesoderm

Answer 52

mesonephros

Question 53

forms the lining of body cavity and body mesenteries

Answer 53

somatic/parietal mesoderm

Question 54

forms a layer around visceral organs, gives rise to visceral organs of the body

Answer 54

splanchnic/visceral mesoderm

Question 55

what will form when parietal and visceral mesoderm splits

Answer 55

intraembryonic/body cavity

Question 56

pharyngeal pouch that will form the middle ear

Answer 56

PP 1

Question 57

pharyngeal pouch that will form the tonsils

Answer 57

PP 2

Question 58

pharyngeal pouch that will form parathyroid and thymus

Answer 58

PP 3

Question 59

pharyngeal pouch that will form parathyroid and post branchial bodies

Answer 59

PP 4

Question 60

what is at the floor of the pharynx

Answer 60

thyroid rudiment

Question 61

outpocketing of the hindgut is ______ and will give rise to ________

Answer 61

allantois, urinary bladder

Question 62

outpocketing of the digestive tube gives rise to

Answer 62

liver, lancreas, and gallbladder

Question 63

involved in the formation of sensory vesicles

Answer 63

epidermal placodes

Question 64

first segment of the foregut that will give rise to oral epithelium, teeth enamel

Answer 64

stomodeum

Question 65

what will form at the floor of the stomodeum

Answer 65

Rathke's pouch

Question 66

lines the end part of the digestive tube

Answer 66

proctodeum

Question 67

formed at the floor of diencephalin of the brain

Answer 67

infundibulum

Question 68

what gives rise to the pituitary gland

Answer 68

infundibulum and rathke's pouch

Question 69

mostly gives rise to the components of the digestive and respiratory system

Answer 69

endodermal germ layer

Question 70

mostly gives rise to the nervous system, components of integumentary system, and sensory structures

Answer 70

ectodermal germ layer

Question 71

mostly gives rise to circulatory system

Answer 71

lateral plate mesoderm

Question 72

gives rise primarily to urogenital system

Answer 72

intermediate mesoderm

Question 73

gives rise to components of skeletal and muscular muscles

Answer 73

paraxial mesoderm