Formative

Question 1

what is the right border of the heart

Answer 1

the RA

Question 2

What is the left border of the heart

Answer 2

LV

Question 3

How do you diagnose parkinsons

Answer 3

Clinical and DaT scan

Question 4

What is 1st line for drug/ alcohol withdrawal medication

Answer 4

chlordiazepoxide

Question 5

What medication is used for opioid overdose

Answer 5

naltrexone

Question 6

what is used to help the withdrawal symptoms of heroin

Answer 6

methadone

Question 7

what is the 1st investigations ot do if someone presents with amenorhea

Answer 7

HcG!!

Question 8

What is the 1st line investigation of endometriosis (not gold standard for diagnosisng)

Answer 8

transvaginal scan

Question 9

How to treat a stable ectopic pregnancy

Answer 9

IM methotrexate

Question 10

How to treat unstable ectopic pregnancy

Answer 10

Laparoscopic salpingectomy

Question 11

what do you do if a patient is experiencing SSRI side effects (eg nausea)

Answer 11

add in mirtazapine

Question 12

What is the immediate management of TIA

Answer 12

aspiring 300mg

Question 13

How do you treat a parkinson’s patient who is having delusions/ psychosis

Answer 13

atypical anti-psychotics

Question 14

what is the greatest risk factor for postpartum psychosis

Answer 14

bi-polar disorder

Question 15

What are the treatments for PTSD

Answer 15

1st- CBT therapy, 2nd- SSRI’S (eg. sertraline)

Question 16

what is tetralogy of fallot

Answer 16

congenital heart conditions with 4 abnormalities

Question 17

what are the 4 abnormalities in tetralogy of fallot

Answer 17

1. ventricular septal defect
2. pulmonary stenosis
3. right ventricular hypertrophy
4. over-riding aorta

Question 18

Investigations for PCKD?

Answer 18

1. eGFR
2. Ultrasound
3. CT/ MRI

Question 19

what are the 3 types of urinary incontinence

Answer 19

stress, urge, overflow

Question 20

How to manage stress urinary incontinence

Answer 20

1. pelvic floor exercises
2. surgery (sling, bulking agent) or duloxetine

Question 21

How to manage urge urinary incontinence

Answer 21

1. retaining exercises
2. oxybuytin (mirabegron in frail patients with anti-cholinergic worry)

Question 22

what is tardive dyskinesia

Answer 22

involuntary movements of the face and jaw

Question 23

whats is akathisia

Answer 23

inability to remain still

Question 24

what is parkinsonism

Answer 24

rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor

Question 25

what is chorea

Answer 25

repetitive, irregular dance-like movements (type of dyskinesia)

Question 26

what is myoclonus

Answer 26

sudden, brief, involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle group

Question 27

what is parkinsonism

Answer 27

group of disorders that affect coordination, balance and speech

Question 28

If CSF has xanthochromia what condition does this suggest

Answer 28

subarachnoid haemorrhage

Question 29

If CSF has oligoclonal bands of immunoglobulin, what condition does this suggest

Answer 29

Multiple sclerosis

Question 30

If CSF is cloudy, mainly neutrophils and low blood glucose what condition does this suggest

Answer 30

bacterial meningitis

Question 31

If CSF is clear, mainly lymphocytes and a normal blood glucose what condition does this suggest

Answer 31

viral meningitis

Question 32

what is schizoid personality disorder

Answer 32

a personality disorder characterized by: a lack of interest in social or intimate relationships, difficulty with expressing emotions, and a preference for a solitary life

Question 33

what is schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 33

a mental health condition marked by a consistent pattern of intense discomfort with close relationships and social interactions (no hallucinations/ delusions)

Question 34

what is delusions of persecution

Answer 34

fixed and strongly held belief (not amenable to reason, held on false grounds) that others mean to harm them

Question 35

what are delusions of reference

Answer 35

things surrounding them hold very personal significance (eg. car registration plate, or tv advert is a secret message to them)

Question 36

What are negative symptoms

Answer 36

reduction in volition, motivation, speech and sociability

Question 37

What is thought insertion

Answer 37

the belief that others are able to directly put thoughts into their mind

Question 38

what is in the carpal tunnel

Answer 38

median nerve flexor digitorum profundus tendons flexor digitorum superficialis tendons flexor pollicis longus tendon

Question 39

what muscles does the median nerve supply in the hand

Answer 39

opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis

Question 40

what is the most common primary brain tumour in children

Answer 40

astrocytoma

Question 41

what does an astrocytoma appear histologically

Answer 41

rosenthal fibres (corkscrew bundle)

Question 42

what does an oligodendroma appear histologically

Answer 42

"fried-egg" apperance

Question 43

what does an menngioma appear histologically

Answer 43

spindle cells in whorls and calcified psammoma bodies

Question 44

what does a glioblastoma appear histologically

Answer 44

pleomorphic tumour cells with necrotic border areas