Formative Flashcards
(10 cards)
List four aspects of lifestyle you MAY cover in a consultation with ANY patient when giving advice to promote a healthier lifestyle
Diet
Exercise
Alcohol
Smoking
Illicit drug use
Sexual health
Eight weeks later, Hannah books another appointment. She had missed some of her pills during a weekend of partying and has now missed a period. She has already attended a local walk-in health clinic and has a positive pregnancy test. Although initially surprised, she and Stuart are happy about the pregnancy, but worried about how they might cope in the future.
Which factors enable you, as her GP, to be the most appropriate professional to guide her about her current worries?
- Aware of her current and past medical history
- Aware of her social circumstances e.g. family support
- GP has knowledge of broad range of illnesses and health conditions
- Trusted health professional who is likely to have been known by the patient for some time, perhaps all their life
- GP has role in prevention as well as diagnosing/ treating illness/ disease e.g. GP is responsible for holistic patient care
List 5 types of questions that may be used in a consultation and give a brief description of each
Open question - not seeking a particular answer but simply indicates to the patient to tell their story or concerns
Direct question - ask about a specific item
Closed question - can only be answered by “yes” or “no”
Leading question - presumes the answer (best avoided)
Reflected question - the doctor does not answer the question but asks the patient to think about the answers themselves
What are 5 core concepts associated with the social cognitive theory
- Observational learning/modelling (people learn by observing others learned behaviour)
- Outcome expectations
- Self-efficacy
- Goal setting
- Self-regulation
Give 3 examples of environmental factors which may influence an individual’s behaviour
- Culture
- Location
- Income
- Social support
- Time
What is the World Health Organisation (WHO) definition of health?
Health is the complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
List 4 factors which influence lay beliefs about health AND give an example of how each of these factors may influence lay beliefs about health
Age - older people focus on functional ability, younger people speak about health in terms of physical strength and fitness.
Social class - people living in difficult economic and social circumstances regard health as functional
Gender - men and women think about health differently
Culture - different perceptions of illness/disease, differences in concordance with treatment
List six actions the government could take to stem the rise in prevalence of obesity
Health education - diet and exercise
Tax on unhealthy foods, “fat tax”
Legislation - proper labelling, lists of ingredients/food content
Enforcement of legislation
Ban on advertising unhealthy food
Improve exercise/sport facilities
Subsidise healthy food
Transport policy e.g. cycle lanes
Funding of NHS treatment for obesity e.g. specialist clinics, bariatric surgery
What is meant by cultural competence?
The understanding of diverse attitudes, beliefs, behaviours, practices, and communication patterns attributable to a variety of factors (such as race, ethnicity, religion, SES, historical and social context, physical or mental ability, age, gender, sexual orientation, or generational and acculturation status).
List 5 potential difficulties which may arise when consulting with a patient from a different culture
- Fear and distrust
- Racism
- Stereotyping
- Religious beliefs
- Language barriers
- Presence of a third party
- Gender differences between doctor and patient
- Stereotyping
- Examination taboos
- Lack of knowledge about NHS/UK health care system
- Patient might no tbe entitled to NHS care
