Formative 8 - Theory of design Flashcards

Question

Theroy of design: Grenades List the 3 types of grenade design categories (method of delivery)

Answer 1

hand thrown projected - rifle/gun dishcharger vehicle fitted

Answer 2

HE anti-pers, offensive and defensive HEAT and DP smoke chem and irritant flash or noise composition (stun) incendiary practice illuminating

Answer 3

Body Filling fragmentation fuze cavity fuze

Answer 4

Safety pin fly off lever - held by the thrower after pin removed spring - held under tension striker - percussion cap detonator delay pellet

Answer 5

Offensive - blast stun or incap an enemy, and not be lethal to to you with frag Defensive - frag be lethal to an enemy with frag whilst you are in a covered defensive position

Answer 6

Usually projected or dispensed not usually hand (since ww2) limited affect against tanks more anit-veh

Answer 7

- Dual purpose - Normally rifle, gun launched HEAT FRAG

Answer 8

Screening - originally WP now, with a HE disruptive fuze to burst the grenade on initiation, Red phos will have a low explosive to initiate the grenade Signalling Typical coloured smoke grenade - igniferous initiated like non-WP screening grenade

Answer 9

Filled with lachrymatory or irritant composition The emission principles is rarely used now since rioters tended to throw hem back Current design utilises ribber containing a large number of primed CS pellets,, the gas pressure bursting the body and spreading the pellets

Answer 10

Police and spec forces use stun or disorientation grenade as non-lethal weapon incorporate pyrotechnic powder which produce high noise (>130 db) and flash values sufficient to disorientate anyone IVO - no frag - stun and disorientate - mild blast with blinding flash and loud report - single or multiple functioning

Answer 11

Used for numerous tasks including: - IEDD tool - as an initiator Body colour normally red

Answer 12

I missed the description too.

Answer 13

Originally fitted to AFVs to provide an immediate localised smoke screen, their use now extended to Anti-riot and HE frag variants Elec initiated, small propelling charge that both ejects grenade and ....more Categorised as rifle or weapon launched

Answer 14

An explosive or other material, normally encased, designed to destroy or damage vehicles, boats or aircraft, or designed to wound, kill or otherwise incapacitate personnel. It may be detonated by the action of its victim, by the passage of time, or by controlled means.

Answer 15

Disrupts an enemy's manoeuvre plan and deny him use of terrain Reduce the effect of attacker superiority in numbers and channel him into and retain him in areas where he can be defeated Significant casualties to enemy armour and increase the effectiveness of other anti armour systems

Answer 16

Disrupt Turn Fix Block

Answer 17

All weather, 24hr capability Psychological effect Contribution to the destruction of the enemy CBRN resistant Cost effective

Answer 18

Ease of laying - The mine should be easy to arm and lay. This is a function of the fuze design, the shape and sizes of the overall mine Resistance to countermeasures - Ploughs, flails, rollers, explosive over pressure and electromagnetic devices - Difficult to see detect and to lift by hand Delayed arming - To allow the minelayer to get clear of the mine before it becomes armed - Delayed arming is incorporated in scatterable mines (SM) required in any system which remotely delivers mines, or wherethe fuzing system could be accidentally actuated by noise or other signature of the laying vehicle Sterilisation (neutralisation) - Mines can be a double edged weapon - International concern about the collateral damage caused by mines to non combatants, particularly after the conflict has ended - Geneva Convention , which states that all minefields must be accurately marked as soon as practicable - To meet military and political requirements for control of mines there are several technical solutions Self neutralising - Sophisticated and high cost mines should becapable of self neutralisation (SN) after a pre settime period - Short term sterilisation mechanisms are usually electronic - Battery voltage decay may be used Self-destruct - Mines which are difficult to detect or clear, or those with low explosive content should be Self Destruct (SD), which negates the need for clearance. The time delay in these devices is normally pre set at the time of their launch. Remote control - Tactically advantageous to communicate with mines, for mines to communicate with some form of centralised control, or for mines to communicate with one another Record and Marking - Consideration must be given to added time and manpower where no means of SN or SD is incorporated into the system being used.

Answer 19

Safety - storage, transport, lay and arm - self clearance reliability - over long periods, hostile environmental conditions - detonate at the right time

Answer 20

Safety - storage, transport, lay and arm - self clearance reliability - over long periods, hostile environmental conditions - detonate at the right time

Answer 21

Warhead - He blast, shrapnel, shaped charge/EFP Sensor and fuze -mechanical: pressure/contact or double impulse Electronic - discriminatory, able to attack weak points of target Safety and arming unit - Traditionally, mines and fuzes stored separately up to the point they are required for use. Modern mines can be handled safely using much more sophisticated techniques, allowing arming or neutralisation using integrated electronics Power source - Most modern mines require a power source, however only use minimal power when passive. High power to activate sensor in active mode. Sealed power supply must achieve this after years in storage or months after deployment Case - Contains the sub assemblies sensors may be attached to outside - Scatterable mines with directional warheads requires way of righting

Answer 22

Pattern, scatterable, side and area defence

Answer 23

Pressure activiated/direct contact anti-personnel mines Omin-directional frag AP mine Directional frag AP mines

Answer 24

hand laying mechanical Scatterable mine laying systems Vehicle Shielder Artillery Aircraft

Answer 25

Hand breaching - only way to 100% clear, slow, manpower intensive Mechanical breaching - flail destroy or disrupt mines Rollers - only effective against single impulse, pressure fuzed mines Ploughs - width varies, effective against most types of mines Explosive breaching - charge positioned across the minefield along the line of breach and then detonated

Answer 26

By tapering the open end to form a throat, a smooth non-turbulent flow is obtained = Thrust If an extension from the throat is fitted, a system of forces is set up giving forward thrust. This extension is generally referred to as a Venturi.

Answer 27

- Motor (including the combustion chamber , fins (if applicable) and nozzle) - Warhead (including the fuze) - In addition to the motor and the warhead, a launcher of some configuration is required. This may be hand held, platform or ground mounted.

Answer 28

A Motor for an FFR is simply a casing which provides a combustion chamber in which the charge can burn. The motor casing must be strong enough to withstand the high temperature and pressures reached during combustion Typically use a boost motor - fast burning with high thrust

Answer 29

Casing Combustion Chamber Propellant Igniter Nozzle (s) Fins (if not spin stabilised)

Answer 30

Nuclear. HE. Chemical (including smoke). Preformed Fragments. Sub Munitions. Terminally Guided Munitions, and Practice munitions.

Answer 31

Advantage is the degree of consistency that can be achieved in the dispersion of rockets at the target. Disadvantage of spin is that it is often difficult to achieve adequate stabilisation due to the length of the rocket. In addition cannot easily change warhead without de-stabilising the rocket

Answer 32

This is a condition caused when the thrust does not pass through the Centre of Gravity of the rocket and causes the rocket to either pitch or yaw. In reality, free flight rockets have an inherent thrust misalignment, which is the greatest cause of error in free flight. Spinning the rocket during motor burn reduces the effect of thrust misalignment. Overcome by: Manufacturing to closer tolerances (normally results in an increase in costs). Impart a slower rate of spin. (Too fast a rate of spin will increase the effects of any Thrust Misalignment). Reduced rocket motor burning time. Addition of fins

Answer 33

Surface Cross Winds Propellant Burning Rate Launcher Induced Errors

Answer 34

The role of the mortar platoon is to provide organic indirect FS to the infantry battalion. The infantry battalion’s organic mortar platoon provides the CO neutralising, suppressive and destructive indirect fire at decisive events supporting the close in battle to allow their forces manoeuvre to defeat the enemy.

Answer 35

Preparation fire; Covering fire; Defensive fire; Counter Battery fire; Harassing fire; Smoke (screening and blinding); Illuminating

Answer 36

Smooth Bore No Recoil Mechanism Restricted to use at elevations above 800 mils Muzzle loaded

Answer 37

Barrel Baseplate Bipod, Tripod or Monopod Sight

Answer 38

HE Smoke WP and RP Illumination IR illumination and Visible Light Training Inert projectiles which may be used with percussion primer and ignition cartridge or Sub calibre inserts

Answer 39

The Howitzer, Towed, 155 mm M777A2 is medium artillery equipment Designed to provide close support and general support artillery fire to ground forces Designed and manufactured in the US It is extended-range, lightweight and split-trail piece of equipment that can be towed by a vehicle, or airlifted by rotary and fixed-wing aircraft

Answer 40

HE M107 HE M795 SMART DM702A1 HE XM982 Excalibur Illuminating M485A2 WP M825A1

Answer 41

M232A1 MODULAR ARTILLERY CHARGE SYSTEM(MACS) Reducer Flash M2

Answer 42

Primer, Percussion, M82

Answer 43

The role of tanks is, in coordination with other arms, to close with and destroy the enemy using fire, manoeuvre and shock action.

Answer 44

People Vehicles Structures Equipment Aircraft in flight

Answer 45

KE-W A2 120mm APFSDS-T Cartridge 120mm M830A1 HEAT-MP-T Cartridge 120mm M1028 Canister Cartridge120mm M865 Target Practice Cone Stabilised Discarding Sabot Tracer (TPCSDS-T) Cartridge 120mm M831A1 Target Practice-Tracer (TP-T) Cartridge 120mm M1002 Target Practice Multi-Purpose-Tracer (TPMP-T) .50 Cal Saboted Light Armour Penetrator-Tracer (SLAP-T)

Answer 46

Combustible Cart Case (CCC) - Painted and sealed Nitrocellulose Case Base and Seal Assembly (CBSA) - A steel and silicon rubber seal assembly Electric Primer M129 or M125 - Benite strands and black powder igniter - Energetic material weight Main Charge Propellant JA-2 or M14 - JA-2 - Operational rounds

Answer 47

``` Description: Standard CCC with the M129 Primer JA2 Propellant Tungsten alloy penetrator with a stainless steel cast fin assembly Fitted with a tracer element 3 piece Sabot made from thermoplastic ```

Answer 48

Standard CCC with the M129 Primer JA2 Propellant Designed to defeat light armoured vehicles, helicopters and soft targets such as bunkers. Features a sub calibre warhead contained in a three piece discarding sabot. Warhead contains a multi function fuze Point detonating or air proximity mode Proximity mode is designed to defeat targets such as helicopters.

Answer 49

Standard CCC with the M125 Primer JA2 Propellant Anti-Personnel Round Two piece aluminium body improving payload/body discard uniformity Payload consists of 1,100 tungsten steel balls Projectile has a frangible cap so it doesn’t interfere with the spread of the tungsten steel balls Designed for offensive fire against exposed enemy and defensive fire against massed infantry assaults Allows one shot incapacitation at log ranges.

Answer 50

Standard CCC with the M125 Primer M14 Propellant Training round for the KE-W A2 120mm APFSDS-T Cost effective training round to reduce expenditure Range limited to 8000m, reducing safety traces on ranges Solid steel spike penetrator 3 piece sabot Cone Stabiliser: Has 6 equally spaced slots that impart spin and cause it to loose ballistic stability to ensure limited range Tracer element centrally located

Answer 51

Standard CCC with the M125 Primer M14 Propellant Provides a cost effective training alternative to the expenditure of HEAT rounds. It provides reduced safety distance templates for training. Projectile consists of a solid steel spike, a hollow aluminium body, an aluminium stabilizer and a tracer element.

Answer 52

Standard CCC with the M125 Primer M14 Propellant Is a practice round used to simulate the M830A1 HEATMP-T. Provides a cost effective training alternative to the expenditure of HEAT rounds. It provides reduced safety distance templates for training. Projectile consists of an aluminium projectile, a plastic simulated

Answer 53

Is a sub calibre round used with the training barrel (AIMTEST) that is fitted to the tank’s main gun. The SLAP T is used in place of the M830A1 HEAT MP T round as a cost effective training alternative to using war shots. It provides reduced safety distance templates for training. Consists of a brass cart case, percussion primer, propellant and a saboted projectile containing a tracer element.