Forming impressions Flashcards
1
Q
The fundamental attribution error
A
- The tendency to over-value dispositional factors for the observed behaviours of other while under-valuing sitational factors.
EX. A driver cuts you off in traffic. You will use dispositional factors to come to the conclusion that he is a bad driver, when in reality, this drive - It is not universal, but rather influenced by culture.
EX.
2
Q
Situational attribution
A
- We attribute the behaviour to the situation and not the disposition (personality trait) of the individual
3
Q
Dispositional attribution
A
- We attribute the behaviour to the persoanility of the individual and not the situation.
4
Q
Self-serving bias
A
- We tend to view our personal successes as reflecting our true abilities and failures as flukes of circumstance.
5
Q
The actor-observer effect
A
- An attributional bias where a researcher attributes their own actions to external factors while attributing other people’s behaviors to internal causes
EX. Actor-observer bias As you are walking down the street, you trip and fall. You immediately blame the slippery pavement, an external cause. However, if you saw a random stranger trip and fall, you would probably attribute this to an internal factor, such as clumsiness or inattentiveness.
6
Q
Above average effect
A
- We are bisaed in believing we are above average on things that matter to us (attractiveness, intelligence and social skills)
7
Q
Representative heuristic
A
- We tend to judge a sample (A particular outcome) to be likely to occur if it is similar to the population from which it was selected, even if it’s not statistically probable.
- Stereotype
8
Q
Availability heuristic
A
- Our probabiliy estimates are affected by how easy it is to think of example
- Previous experiences are drawn to come to conclusions
9
Q
False consensus effect
A
- We tend to believe more people share our views than they actually do.
- We overestimate how much others agree with us.
10
Q
Illusory correlation
Availability heuristic
A
- When individuals believe that two variables are related even though there is no evidence for that relationship. This is particularly relevant to the formation of stereotypes.
11
Q
The availabilit of flaws in memory
A
- The experiement where students were asked to rate course with two improvements vs 10 improvments….with 2, there was easier available flaws giving a lower rating. Whereas with 10, there was less available flaws, giving a higher rating.
12
Q
Relationship
A
- A person who is attracted to you leaves you with a positive impression and you are likey to desire their company.
- There are 4 factors:
1. Proximity
2. Familiarity
3. Physical attractiveness
4. Other’s opinions
13
Q
Proximity
A
- Not just physical distance but also functional distance: aka how often two individuals interact.
- People tend to like those that they anticipate intearacting with.
- low functional and physical distance and low they have the lowest distance therefore closer together and interact more often.
14
Q
Out-group
A
- See as a uniform set of people with precribed preferenes and views and even physical traits
- Negative attitudes (homogeneity)
15
Q
In-group
A
- See a diverse set of people with individual preferences, views and even physical traits.
- Positive attitudes
- Heterogenity
