Formulations

Question 1

What assumption is Ehler and Clark (2000) Cognitive Model of PTSD based on?

Answer 1

PTSD = people experience the trauma in the present (not future).

Feeling of threat is caused through external or internal threats (implications about what is going to happen and who I am)

Internal = showed something neg. abt self

External = expect the next bad thing is going to happen

Question 2

How does the amygdala and hippocampus support Ehler and Clark (2000)

Answer 2

Look at green cue card

Question 3

How is threat linked to Ehler and Clark (2000) Cognitive Model of PTSD?

Answer 3

Persistant PTSD = caused by trauma processing which incluences feelings of threat

A sense of ongoing threat causes PTSD to be maintained

Question 4

How does Negative appraisal of trauma and consequences in Ehler and Clark (2000) state, elicit a feeling of current threat?

Answer 4

Trauma is processed through sensory means vs autobiographical

Sensory = smell, sight can trigger intense emotion reactions (fear), making it harder to give meaning to an experience and see it being over.

“I was in a crash, but it’s over now. I learned to drive more cautiously.”

Vs

Nowhere is safe

Question 5

How does the nature of the trauma memory in Ehler and Clark’s Cognitive Model (2000), elicit a feeling of current threat?

Answer 5

PTSD = trauma memory is poorly elaborated and integrated to the time/place of trauma (the autiobiographical memory of a person)

Question 6

How does behavioural and cognitive strategies elicit feelings of threat?

Answer 6

Clients try to manage symptoms with this.

It prevents change in neg. appraisals and trauma memory = leads to more symptoms

Short-term coping strats = avoidance, though suppression, substances

Question 7

What is the main aim of treatment under Ehler and Clark’s Cognitive Model (2000)?

Answer 7

To process trauma so it is seen as a time-limited past event

Question 8

Overall what key factors and processes maintain symptoms and can be adressed in CBT?

Answer 8

Negative appraisals - appraisals generate fear in the moment, foster avoidance and maintain anxiety e.g “I attract disaster”

Strats people use to control threat symptoms

Question 9

What is Wild and Elhers (2013) formulation for using CBT for PTSD?

Answer 9

Memory
Feeling of threat (threat becomes present)
Unhelpful throughts STM
Unhelpful bhvrs
Unhelpful thoughts LTM (who they are + what will happen)
Failure to update

Dead family, car crash