Formules

Question 1

Ethanol

Answer 1

Co-solvent, liquid preservative (>15%), disinfectant

Question 2

Propylene glycol

Answer 2

Co-solvent, liquid preservative (>15%), humectant

Question 3

Glycerol 85% (=glycerin)

Answer 3

Co-solvent, liquid preservative (>30%), flavoring agent, humectant

Question 4

Acetem

Answer 4

Lipophilic solvent

Question 5

Methylparaben (methyparahydroxybenzoate), propylparaben

Answer 5

Solid preservative (neutral environment)

Question 6

Sorbic acid

Answer 6

Solid preservative (acidic environment)

Question 7

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

Answer 7

Antioxidant (aqueous environment)

Question 8

Sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite (sodium pyrosulfite)

Answer 8

Antioxidant (aqueous environment)

Question 9

Butylhydroxytoluene, dl-a-tocoferol (vitamin E)

Answer 9

Antioxidant (non-aqueous environment)

Question 10

Disodium edetate

Answer 10

Complexing agent (inhibition of oxidation)

Question 11

Citric acid

Answer 11

Complexing agent (inhibition of oxidation)

Question 12

Cellulose derivatives: ethers (iets met cellulose of carmellose sodium/hypromellose)

Answer 12

Viscosity enhancer

Question 13

Inorganic colloids (colloidal aluminum magnesium silicate = Veegum)

Answer 13

Viscosity enhancer

Question 14

Al3+, Mg2+, citrate, phosphate

Answer 14

Peptisator

Question 15

Colloidal anhydrous silica (Aerosil)

Answer 15

Wetting agent, disperses agglomerates (sup.)

Question 16

Polysorbate 80

Answer 16

Wetting agent

Question 17

Sweeteners: saccharin sodium, etc.

Answer 17

Flavoring agent

Question 18

Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate

Answer 18

pH adjuster

Question 19

Sorbitol (liquid)

Answer 19

Viscosity enhancer, flavoring agent, humectant

Question 20

Water

Answer 20

Solvent

Question 21

Salicylic acid

Answer 21

Penetration enhancer

Question 22

Ureum

Answer 22

Penetration enhancer

Question 23

Water / ethanol (base)

Answer 23

Cooling/drying by volatile solvent

Question 24

Zinc oxide, talc, starch

Answer 24

Drying/protecting by dispersed indifferent substances (= solid phase)

Question 25

Paraffin, petrolatum, vegetable oil, glycerin

Answer 25

Counteracting dehydration by hydrophobic ingredients

Question 26

Paraffins, vegetable oils, synthetic glycerides, waxes, liquid polyalkylsiloxanes, animal fats

Answer 26

Base hydrophobic ointment or water-emulsifying ointment

Question 27

Water, propylene glycol, glycerol

Answer 27

'Base' gel

Question 28

Poloxamers, starch, cellulose derivatives, carbomers, magnesium-aluminium silicates

Answer 28

Gelling agent

Question 29

Adeps solidus

Answer 29

Hard fat, lipophilic suppository base

Question 30

Macrogols (PEG)

Answer 30

Hydrophilic suppository base

Question 31

Medium chain triglycerides (Miglyol 812)

Answer 31

Decreases melting point (sup.)

Question 32

Lactose monohydrate

Answer 32

Disperses agglomerates (sup.)

Question 33

Soy lecithin

Answer 33

Decreases viscosity (sup.)

Question 34

Cetostearyl alcohol

Answer 34

Emulsifier Lannette (fatty phase)

Question 35

Cetomacrogol emulsifying wax

Answer 35

Emulsifier Cetomacrogol (fatty phase)

Question 36

Decyl oleate (Cetiol V)

Answer 36

Emollient (fatty phase)

Question 37

Arachis oil

Answer 37

Emollient (fatty phase), moisturizer

Question 38

Beeswax, white

Answer 38

Emulsifier, thickening agent (fatty phase) Emollient

Question 39

Glycerol mono-oleate

Answer 39

Emulsifier (fatty phase)

Question 40

Rose oil

Answer 40

Odorant

Question 41

Calcium hydroxide solution --> + oleic acid = calciumolete

Answer 41

Emulsifier (fatty phase)

Question 42

Waxes (decyl oleate, adeps lance, cera alba/flava)

Answer 42

Esters: fatty acids + fat alcohols

Question 43

Fatty oils and fats (... oil, cocoa butter, Miglyol)

Answer 43

Esters: triglycerides (= glycerol, esterified with 3 fatty acids)

Question 44

Paraffins, mineral oils

Answer 44

Saturates hydrocarbons (petroleum industry)

Question 45

Fat alcohols (.... alcohol)

Answer 45

Very long carbon chain (but OH group is polar)