Fossil fuels

Question 1

what are 3 Good characteristics of fossil fuels

Answer 1

-Easy to store
-High energy density
-Found in very abundant local deposits

Question 2

What are 3 bad features of fossil fuels

Answer 2

-Finite
-Available resource , not as much reserves due to deep deposits and natural gas being trapped in impermeable shale rock makes financially not viable
-Political and international trade issues with countries wanting to establish supply to satisfy their own energy needs and this may come in front of the environmental impacts

Question 3

2 New coal extraction technologies

Answer 3

-Coal gasification , burnt underground in controlled conditions to produce mixture of fuel gases
-coal liquefaction ,converting coal to liquid hydrocarbons which is useful as it can act as vehicle fuel . Can be direct through solvent use

Question 4

5 new oil extraction technologies

Answer 4

-primary recovery using natural pressure of water below oil or gas which forces it up to production well . 20% is extracted
Pump jack - nodding donkeys can increase flow rate

-secondary recovery using pumped water to maintain pressure . 40% is extracted

-Tertiary recovery using reduced viscosity of oil this can be done by pumped steam which could have been generated from solar heating systems . 60% is extracted#

Directional drilling allows non vertical wells which is good as it means
-drill where drilling rigs could not be placed e.g. urban areas
-can follow softer rock strata which makes drilling quicker

Fracking- high pressure opening fissures to allow oil/gas to flow to recovery well

Question 5

3 concerns over fracking

Answer 5

-natural gas could enter aquifer
-Volume of water needed
-Earthquakes

Question 6

2 new natural gas extraction technologies

Answer 6

-Fracking
-Methane hydrate , could be extracted by water heating which melts crystal releasing methane gas