Fossil fuels, homologous series and combustion

Question 0

What is the definition of non-renewable?

Answer 0

A resource that cannot be replaced in a human lifetime e.g. Oil coal and gas

Question 1

What does renewable mean?

Answer 1

A resource that can be replaced in a human lifetime

E.g. Biomass/tidal/wave

Question 2

Write the word equation for combustion

Answer 2

Fossil+oxygen—-> carbon dioxide+2H2O+heat energy

Question 3

Describe Fractional distillation

Answer 3

1. crude oil heated to 400C in a furnace
2. Many compounds in the oil begin to evaporate
3. Their molecules travel upwards through the fractioning column.
4. As the gaseous mixture rise they cool at different levels within the fractionating column.
5. The lower the boiling point the higher the level they are collected at is.

Question 4

Name the compounds in the fractioning column and their boiling points

Answer 4

Residue 340C
Diesel oil 260C
Kerosene 180C
Naphtha 110C
Petrol 40C

Question 5

What is a Homologous series?

Answer 5

A family of organic molecules that have the same general equation.

Question 6

What is a functional group?

Answer 6

functional groups are specific groups of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules

Question 7

Describe the trend in melting and boiling points of the 4 families discussed

Answer 7

As there are more hydrogen and carbon atoms the higher the boiling and melting points.
From C5H12 they are liquids and from C18H36 they are solids.
They are insoluble in water

Question 8

Write the combustion formulas for the Alkanes

Answer 8

Methane: CH4+2O2—->CO2+2H2O
Ethane: 2C2H6+7O2—-> 4CO2+6H2O
Propane: C3H8+5O2—->3CO2+4H2O
Butane: 2CO2+13O2—-> 8CO2+10H2O

Question 9

Write the formula for incomplete combustion of alkanes

Answer 9

Methane: 2CH4+3O2—->2CO+4H2O
Ethane: 2C2H6+5O2—->4CO+6H2O
Propane: 2C3H8+7O2—->6CO+8H2O
Butane:2C4H10+9O2—->8CO+10H2O